American Foreign Policy and the War on Terror

In the 21st century, the world is one in chaos- nations go to war for the slimmest of reasons, economies can topple overnight, and the ever-present threat of global terrorism holds the very real potential to kill thousands of innocent people in mere moments. Meanwhile, the United States holds the precarious position of being the largest and best established superpower in the world, generating an equal share of admirers and deadly enemies among the nations of the world.This being understood, the question begs as to what present day American hurdles such as the War on Terror have done to change American foreign policy? This research will attempt to answer this question through a comprehensive comparison of today’s foreign policy to that of the past, to the post and pre-9/11 world, and in conclusion, what all of this means for the future. American Foreign Policy Throughout History An excellent way to see how American Foreign Policy has seemingly evolved is to compare it in the mo dern day to how it functioned in earlier times of modern American history.For example, as the US recovered from the horrors and deprivations of World War II, a very real and stark situation emerged on the foreign policy front. Despite the eradication of Nazism and the defeat of the threat that the Empire of Japan had represented to the US on a global scale, the threat of Communism in the form of the Soviet Union essentially kicked the Cold War into high gear, from the late 1940s to the mid 1990s.With two superpowers- the US and USSR-both possessing the awesome power to literally destroy the planet through the use of nuclear weapons, there was a vested interest in both nations, while maintaining a defensive position against each other, avoiding armed conflict at all costs (Jenkins, 2006). Therefore, decades of stalemates existed until the Communist regime of the USSR collapsed under its own weight and unwieldy power. In contrast, terrorism is more of an invisible enemy, albeit just a s deadly as any opposing nation.Because of the difficulty in identifying exactly who terrorists are, from where they have come, and how they can be guarded against, it seems that the only way for a meaningful American foreign policy on this front to exist would be for the usual avenues of diplomacy, adherence to established rules and convention to be set aside- the governmental equivalent of taking off the gloves (Harding, 2004). Given such a scenario, it is possible to better understand the transformation of American Foreign Policy in a modern era of terror. Post and Pre- 9/11 American Foreign PolicyOn a clear, crisp day in September, 2001, the US was changed forever with the brutal terrorist attacks on New York, Pennsylvania and Washington, DC, the nation’s capital. This change not only effected the ways that Americans viewed each other and the safety level in their very own country, but the change also effected the way that the US created and carried out foreign policy. Ea rlier, the point was made that a fight against terrorists is vastly different than the battle against an organized, uniformed enemy and this calls for measures far different than ever carried out before.Perhaps it was easier for foreign policy to take shape in the days when the enemy was clearly identified and the US faced very little challenge to its power, anywhere in the world. However, once enemies began to come out of the shadows, and what were previously small, insignificant nations such as China, North Korea and India rose to levels of military, financial and diplomatic significance, the US was forced to reexamine foreign policy and adjust accordingly (Washington Times, 2007).With so many formidable nations on the international radar screen of sorts, every move that America made had to be studied before played out, much like a chess match, where each move could have a devastating response from an opponent. With such nations rising to prominence, their cultural, racial and rel igious differences also became more pronounced than ever before because in the past, these diverse nations were all somewhat insulated from one another due to the inability to lay claim to any kind of international clout.With the attainment of such clout, however, opposing nations began to clash on fundamental differences, and the US stood in the middle of it. In generations gone by, the US would have been able to merely step in and dictate how the disputes would be resolved, but that was essentially no more, and the US would essentially have to worry about retribution from both organized nations and the terrorists that hid in the shadows, ready to strike (Jenkins, 2006).This new era of American Foreign Policy would likewise bring forth another issue- aside from merely maintaining clout on the world diplomatic stage, how could a nation like the US promote democracy as it had in the past? American Imperialism, Pre and Post-Terror A key to the ongoing power of the American nation thro ughout its history has always been the ability to parlay military power into a means of spreading democracy across the globe, operating under the premise that if an opponent could not be defeated, they could be swayed more to the American way of thinking and thereby draw them closer to the alliance of the United States.After 9/11, however, all of this changed as well, as the US became diverted by the fight to protect its own native soil. Here, a great deal of controversy began to brew, and it continues today. The chaos that terrorism created in the US gave President George W. Bush and his administration the unique ability, under the premise of fighting terrorism and protecting the nation, to craft foreign policy with a dangerously sharp edge on it- policy, which essentially gave Bush permission to destroy any international haystack in search of a few small needles, as the search for terrorists often seems.Also, using the reasoning that the US needed to continue to have a free flow o f oil from the volatile Middle East, policy which put the US on the offensive rather than the defense of the past likewise made it possible for US troops to be deployed to any nation that supposedly harbored terrorists or posed some type of threat to American interests (Fouskas, et al, 2005). This has, in recent years, generated resentment not only from other nations, but from the American people as well, evidenced by President Bush having the lowest public approval numbers of any president in history. ConclusionTo sum up this research, what can be said about American Foreign Policy in relation to the War on Terror? In summary, what can be said is this- policy has seemed to derail as of late, focusing more on the interests of wealthy oil companies than the average American citizen and their need to be protected from terror. Therefore, what needs to be closely watched as the 21st century unfolds for America is that policy comes back to better mirror liberty and justice-for all. Works Cited Foreign Policy Adrift?. (2007, March 19). The Washington Times, p. A16. Fouskas, V. K. , & Gokay, B. (2005).The New American Imperialism: Bush's War on Terror and Blood for Oil. Westport, CT: Praeger Security International. Harding, B. (2004). An Orwellian Moment: The Myth of American Multilateralism Bruce Harding Reflects on the State of US Foreign Policy, in Terms of Its Self-Interest and Imperial Anchoring, as This Relates to the Current Administration's New Security Strategy and the War on Terror. New Zealand International Review, 29(3), 23+. Jenkins, G. (2006, June). From Kennedy's Cold War to the War on Terror: Gareth Jenkins Looks for Continuities in American Foreign Policy from the 1960s to the 2000s. History Today, 56, 39+.

Macbeth’s changing state of mind Essay

With close reference to three key scenes within the play, explore the dramatic devices that Shakespeare employs to reflect Macbeth’s changing state of mind. Macbeth is another one of Shakespeare’s great tragedies, based on Holinshed’s Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland. It tells us about the fall of the ambitious couple, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth is the tragic hero, a character who has a fatal (tragic) flaw within himself that he cannot change. He is not a bad person to begin with but he does become evil; he is just too ambitious. Macbeth is a story about the murder of a king by Macbeth, and the revenge of a son (Malcolm), three witches who plot against Macbeth, and Macbeth’s rise and fall. At the time Macbeth was written King James the 6th of Scotland also became King James the 1st of England. He moved from Scotland to London, there became a fashion for all things Scottish. King James’s family tree goes back to Banquo therefore Shakespeare made Banquo innocent to not offend the king. King James was extremely interested in witchcraft; he even wrote a book called Daemonology. To the audience in the 16th century witchcraft was a really big issue and more importantly it was so real for them that it forced English parliament to create laws against it. We don’t realise it but people were absolutely terrified of witches and they believed in them just as much as they believed in God. The main power the witches were supposed to have, was telling the future, another was being able to open locks and sail through the roughest seas in a sieve. We see that witches have a big impact and play a big part in the play Macbeth. This is shown as the first people to enter are the three witches and these witches have a big influence on Macbeths changing state of mind as they drive him on to kill Duncan along with Lady Macbeth and Macbeths own ambition. From the outset we see that Macbeth is a very ambitious and loyal soldier as Duncan announces that he has done well in battle fighting the Norwegians. Duncan gives Macbeth the title â€Å"Thane of Cawdor† as reward for his valour; Shakespeare uses irony here as the first thane of Cawdor betrayed Duncan and Duncan later dies at the sword of trusted Macbeth. In Act 1 scene 7 we see Macbeth reveal a whole series of conflicting thoughts and feelings by talking aloud to the audience, this is called a soliloquy; this section is mainly about his true feelings about committing the murder of King Duncan. Here his state of mind has changed from at the start of the play when he was given the title, but know the witches have told him he will become the King his state of mind is insecure about the next step forward by committing the crime. Macbeth recognises that his intentions are crime when he says the word â€Å"assassination† Macbeth declares that King Duncan has been a very good king â€Å"this Duncan Hath borne his faculties so meek hath been so clear in his great office† and that his murder would therefore not be justified in the eyes of heaven. Macbeth realises King Duncan has done an awful lot for him and realises he should be very grateful. â€Å"He’s here in double trust; First as I am his kinsman and his subject† this is one of his main reasons why he doesn’t want to kill Duncan as he says he is a subject to the King so he should be a loyal servant to him. â€Å"Strong both against the deed; then, as his host, who should against his murderer shut the door† Secondly as host he should protect King Duncan from intruders whilst he is in his care. During the soliloquy Shakespeare uses a lot of alliterations to emphasise Macbeths point â€Å"Trumpet- tongued† and â€Å"naked newborn† The first two lines is where Shakespeare uses a euphemism â€Å"it† to refer to the murder, this shows us that he realises what e is doing is wrong, he also uses repetition to add to the flow and pace of the text, this emphasis how quickly Macbeth is thinking and also shows his confusion and his fear of the murder and this is a good dramatic technique. During lines two to five of the soliloquy we see Shakespeare change the structure as he writes it to appear like a thought process as it is broke and there are lots of uses of commas, this structure shows us that his thought process is confused and erratic with lots of pauses. The sentence â€Å"this blow† relates to the murder as Macbeth won’t say it and this shows the audience he is frightened of committing it. In lines six to seven Shakespeare uses yet another of the many dramatic techniques, here we see him use imagery as Macbeth says â€Å"But here, upon this bank and shoal of time, we’d jump the life to come† here Macbeth is saying that eternity is the sea and his time living is in a sandbank In the sea. He’s worried what will happen after he dies. Will he be punished in the after life? He needs to jump to the next life so he can’t be punished. Throughout the soliloquy the audience are realising that Macbeths conscience is and will get on top of him after the Murder. This links back to Act 1 scene 5 where Lady Macbeth realises she will have to take a leading role and will have to urge him on to kill Duncan as she knows Macbeth will not carry out the deed alone. Directly after Macbeth’s soliloquy Lady Macbeth and Macbeth ask each other a short series of questions about Duncan, â€Å"He has almost supped: why have you left the chamber? Hath he asked for me? Know you not he has? The unanswered questions they both pose highlight the tension of the situation; this shows us how edgy Macbeth feels. Lady Macbeth then has a long speech where Shakespeare uses rhetorical questions to tell Macbeth that she is angry with his change of Mind. Here Macbeth’s state of mind has changed from the beginning the play where he was going to kill Duncan but after his soliloquy where he thought more about it and what Duncan has done for him, his mind has completely changed to the opposite. The audience see that his conscience has got the better of him and how easily swayed he is. By the end of Act 1 scene 7 Macbeths mind has changed again due to his wife, this shows the audience just how emotionally insecure he is. His mind has changed because of Lady Macbeth’s comments as she continues to speak to him in a confident and calculating way. Lady Macbeth says â€Å"how tender ’tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face , have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done this.† This is basically saying that she would have taken her newborn child off her breast and smashed it on its head if Macbeth asks her to do so. This is a very effective use of powerful imagery and is the kind of language that would bring Macbeth to Lady Macbeth’s side. Lady Macbeth has the murder all planned out which shows the audience just how desperate she is to become queen. As we leave Act 1 scene 7 Macbeth is as ready as Lady Macbeth is to kill King Duncan. In Act 2 scene 1 â€Å"is this a dagger I see before me† this hallucination leads him on to kill Duncan. His conscience is getting the better of him. This hallucination is a great dramatic technique as it would be very powerful for the audience to see. Here we see Macbeth is losing his mind a little, and he is still very insecure mentally. At the start of Act 2 scene 2 Shakespeare uses another soliloquy to show Lady Macbeths feelings to the audience, her soliloquy shows her exhilaration and determination as the owl screeching doesn’t frighten her, it is rather taken as a good sign that Duncan will be dead soon. When Macbeth enters Lady Macbeth is overjoyed â€Å"Husband!† as she started to doubt her husband’s capacity to do the deed. In the first few lines there are a lot of questions that Macbeth asks â€Å"I have done the deed. Didst thou not hear a noise?† and â€Å"When?† and â€Å"as I descended?† all these questions make Macbeth seem jumpy. It shows the audience his mind is insecure as they both speak to each other in short jerky sentences which show discomfort. As Act 2 scene 2 carries on we see that Lady Macbeth is still the dominant partner but we know it doesn’t stay this way throughout the play as things change later and the pair’s roles are virtually reversed. Macbeth knows what he has done is evil and is worried by the fact that he couldn’t say Amen â€Å"Listening their fear, I could not say `Amen.'† Macbeth then goes on to say â€Å"sleep no more!† this tells the audience that he is worried everything will change now and that he wont be able to sleep properly again. His behaviour has completely changed from the start of the play where he is considered a â€Å"brave warrior† he is now weak and down and out and this is put across very well by Shakespeare. His state of mind has now changed again after carrying the murder out. Before the murder he was as ready as Lady Macbeth but know his conscience has got on top of him again and we see that he is feeling discomfort. Shakespeare uses more imagery as he says â€Å"great natures second course† this is referring to natures other form (either spending time walking or sleeping) and is the meat of the meal (meaning the second course of a meal) another time in the play where Macbeth reflects on what he has lost or might have lost is in Act 5 scene 3 where he is nervous and slightly concerned but he thinks he is untouchable and is over confident. He is approaching his death here and realises that he is going to die, he can’t do anything, and he says â€Å"hang everyone that talks of fear.† He puts on his armour early, as this is where Macbeth feels safest, where he started his career, we see here that his state of mind has changed again, it has got stronger as his wife’s mind has got weaker, there roles have completely reversed from the beginning of the play. In the same sentence he asks about Lady Macbeth. The doctor says she has got to cure herself, the doctor implies that she needs to go to confession. Here we see him losing his wife and his life and this relates back to Act 2 scene 2. At this point in the play Shakespeare is revealing that Macbeth and Lady Macbeths relationship is very unstable as Lady Macbeth is trying to relieve Macbeth of his guilt. As Macbeth has committed a worse murder as he has killed a king which is called deicide. Act 4 scene 1 opens â€Å"a desolate place near Forres In the middle, a boiling cauldron. Thunder. Enter the three witches† this is a very powerful opening by Shakespeare as it describes the setting of the scene, the â€Å"boiling cauldron† symbolises the burning fires of hell and also that there is trouble brewing,this shows the tension of Macbeths skin. It shows his strange and repulsive thoughts like in the cauldron, and this may be a symbol for Macbeth that this will be where he goes. Also Shakespeare has split the word â€Å"thunder† from â€Å"lightning† this relates to Macbeths and Lady Macbeths relationship being detached and separated. The whole sentence creates an eerie atmosphere. This atmosphere symbolises Macbeths mind at this point as it is mysterious and frightening. The witches refer to Macbeth as â€Å"Something wicked† In conclusion we see that Macbeths mind has changed dramatically throughout the play, at first we see him feeling insecure and after the murder we see him still edgy and jumpy. But when we get further through the play we see his state of mind changes as he feels untouchable but he still feels on edge as in Act 5 scene3 we see him try to comfort himself by repeating the witches’ prophecies as he is told of the approaching armies. At the end of the play we see Macbeth as an evil character, but this isn’t the same at the start, where we see him as more of a hero.

Challenges to Infection Control of Hep C, B and HIV

Challenges to Infection Control of Hep C, B and HIV Infection control and cross contamination prevention are imperative to ensuring high quality patient care and quality of life for all patients. In the hemodialysis clinics and hospital units where patients are in end stage renal disease the prevention of infection is of utmost concern as it is directly correlated to lowered morbidity and mortality rates. Blood borne pathogens and bacteria are transmitted through poor infection control practices and lack of cross contamination prevention procedures. To understand the importance of infection control and cross contamination prevention, it is first imperative to understand the risks and consequences of infection transmittal in the hemodialysis unit. The hemodialysis unit is unique in that the procedure allows pathogens to enter the body through access sites, injection sites, and catheterization, all of which increase risk of infection for already ill patients. The following explores the most common concerns in infection transmittal as H epatitis C and B, HIV, and common bacteria found in hemodialysis patients. This is followed by an exploration of methods in infection control, focusing on the procedures of cleaning, sterilization, and disinfection. An examination of staff education and training procedures that impact infection control and patient care follows. The research concludes with a summary and commentary. Research has often compared the incidences of HCV infections in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in patients, finding that patients undergoing clinical bloodstream invasive hemodialysis procedures have three times higher rates of HCV infections (Horl et al 2004). This is reflective of nosocomial transmission of HCV within the clinical dialysis setting (Horl et al 2004). HCV is transmitted through cross-contamination, occurring through â€Å"blood, shared cannulas, and equipment, and blood transfusions† (Horl et al 2004 p 1390). A comparison of the outcome of hepatitis virus-positive and -negativ e kidney transplant and hemodialysis patients involved 384 kidney transplant patients (67 HBsAg positive, 39 anti-HCV positive, 278 hepatitis negative), transplanted between 1987 and 2001, and 403 hemodialysis patients (128 HBsAg positive, 83 anti-HCV positive, 192 hepatitis negative) who had started hemodialysis and were referred to the kidney transplant waiting list during the same period (Visnja et al 2008). Comparison of the groups’ survival rates, adjusted for patient age, showed that all kidney transplant patients survived longer than hemodialysis patients (p < 0.001) (Visnja et al 2008). Interestingly, HBV infection had a negative impact on patient survival, especially in hemodialysis patients, but HCV infection did not have a significant influence on patient survival (Visnja et al 2008). Thirty-two outpatient hemodialysis providers in the United States voluntarily reported 3699 adverse events to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) during 2006 (Klevens et al 2008). Among the 599 isolates reported, 461 (77%) represented access-associated blood stream infections in patients with central lines, and 138 (23%) were in patients with fistulas or grafts (Klevens et al 2008). The microorganisms most frequently identified were common skin contaminants (e.g., coagulase-negative staphylococci) (Klevens et al 2008). Hepatitis C (HCV) among maintenance hemodialysis patients has limited data on the incidence and prevalence. According to Bennett, Brachman and Jarvis (2007 p 360): â€Å"In 2002, 63% of dialysis centers tested patients for anti-HCV, and 11.5% reported having (symbol) 1 patient who became anti-HCV positive in 2002. The incidence rate in 2002 was 0.34% among centers that tested for anti-HCV, the prevalence of anti-HCV among patients was 7y.8%, a decrease of 25.7% since 1995. In the facilities that tested, the reported incidence was 0.34% and the prevalence3 was 7.8%. Only 11.5% of dialysis facilities reported newly acquired HCV infection among their patients†.

Compare and contrast the portraiture of Klimt with the portraiture Essay

Compare and contrast the portraiture of Klimt with the portraiture Schiele - Essay Example When Klimt died back in February 6, 1918, Schiele was one of the candidates who can follow the footsteps of Klimt. With this in mind, Zwingenberger (2011, p. 60) revealed that Schiele has one time called himself as the â€Å"Silver Klimt† 6. In fact, during the early part of the 20th century, Schiele became a well-known Austrian expressionist and a figurative painter 7. Specifically the fall of the Hapsburgs Empire during the World War I has occurred back in 1918 8. In relation to the previous paintings of Klimt and Schiele, the main purpose of this study is to discuss the similarities and differences between a couple of portraits made by each of these two successful painters few years before the fall of the Hapsburgs Empire happened. To give the readers a better idea of what is to be discussed in this essay, the works of Klimt such as the The Three Ages of Woman, 1905 and Hope II,  1907–08 and Schiele’s Woman in Green Bonnet, 1914 and Green Stockings, 1914 wil l first be described in short details followed by making the comparison between the art works of Klimt and Schiele based on the title, subject-matter, aesthetics, medium, and social aspect. Klimt’s Work: â€Å"The Three Ages of Woman, 1905† Klimt’s work entitled â€Å"The Three Ages of Woman, 1905† was drawn and painted in a 178 x 198cm canvas using oil 9. Specifically the chosen subject in this particular portrait was all about the representation of a woman’s life in three (3) different stages which include childhood life, adulthood, and old age 10, 11, 12. It means that these stages in a woman’s life could range from being an infant to becoming a mother, and eventually an old lady. (See Image I – Klimt’s Work: The Three Ages of Woman, 1905 on page 4) Image I – Klimt’s Work: The Three Ages of Woman, 1905 Source: Strauss, 2013, p. 162; De Pascale, 2007, p. 98 Upon closely examining this particular portrait, the im ages of a nude baby girl and a couple of ladies in Klimt’s â€Å"The Three Ages of Woman, 1905† were drawn with a unique and colourful mixture of orange, yellow, and brownish abstract background 13. For instance, on the upper left side was an old lady followed by a fairly skinned young mother in the middle, and the young child on the middle right side of the portrait. In line with this, the creation of a unique abstract background gave more emphasis to the outline of the naked bodies of these three ladies 14, 15. On the left side of the portrait, Klimt has drawn the image of a deformed, â€Å"sagging† or â€Å"wrinkled† skin which represents the age of the old lady 16, 17, 18. Furthermore, the fact that Klimt has drawn the image of the old lady with her face bowing down strongly represents her feeling of negative emotions such as sorrow and repressed emotions 19. On the middle and right side of the portrait show the beautiful face of a young mother holdin g an innocent baby girl 20, 21. Klimt’s Work: Hope II,  1907–08 Klimt’s work entitled â€Å"Hope II,  1907–08† was drawn and painted in a 43-1/2 x 43-1/2 inches canvas using gold, platinum, and oil 22. In this portrait was a pregnant woman with her head bowed down and eyes closed. In the upper centre of the portrait shows a half-naked pregnant woman 23. Specifically the closing of the woman’s eyes in this particular portrait strongly suggest the idea that the lady has been devotedly praying or hoping for her own safety and her child’

Analyze both stories. Is the author's suggestions a good solution to Essay

Analyze both stories. Is the author's suggestions a good solution to solving a problem - Essay Example On the other hand, the Houyhnhnms see themselves as superior to the Yahoos because they are more rational, thus giving the former the right to have power over the latter’s life and death (Lemke, Martin, Fuentes, and Swift 47). Justifying Infanticide depicts how Singer sees himself as a rational Houyhnhnm who should have a power to decide over the life and death of those considered non-humans, or those who are not yet humans. However, Swift’s aim is to make people realize that humans are indeed Yahoos with pure genetic composition and the propensity towards sensual pleasures, but are also Houyhnhnms with rational thinking and the propensity towards oversimplifications and ideas. In Justifying Infanticide, Singer separated these two --- intelligence and incarnation --- by referring to newborns not as persons, but merely pain-receptors having no psychological association to its future personhood (33). Therefore, if one follows this line of reasoning, newborns are Yahoos wh ose life and death are under the decision of the superior Houyhnhnms. A Modest Proposal is entirely different since it is a satirical exaggeration that states selling the children as food to rich people may alleviate the poor parents’ economic situation (Swift 13). Justifying Infanticide Justifying Infanticide has a utilitarian root that reinforces the concept of â€Å"doing the greatest good for the greatest number.† It says that a deed is made moral if the end justifies the means. In line with this thought, Singer theorizes that eliminating a certain percentage of the population is acceptable if justified by the situation or the result it offers (34-5). According to the utilitarian point of view, objections from people who perceive that killing a person is morally incorrect are mostly based on emotions. Utilitarianism asserts the belief that reason should be the main basis of ethics, so it means that infanticide can be justified by reason in some cases, thus be deeme d ethical (Sloane 47-8). For a clearer definition of terms, infanticide is the intentional killing of an infant for reasons ranging from partiality to a specific gender to control of population (Vehmas 38). Utilitarian Peter Singer provides the most controversial defense of infanticide. For example, Singer states that the costs to families and societies and the quality of life in caring for children with specific disabilities entail more effort but provides less positive results (35). This may be a controversial stance, but on a realistic viewpoint, the child will live a life that is considered unhappy or unwanted by most people. This is one case where infanticide is considered humane (Sloane 48). One great difficulty, however, is in deciding when this is justifiable because there is always the argument that no one can really say when a certain life is undesirable other than that very person. However, one strong defense of infanticide in the utilitarian standpoint is the argument ag ainst the suffering infant whose medical case is beyond the scientific capacity to cure (Vehmas 39). For Singer, it is more altruistic to allow parents to choose to end their and their child’s suffering through euthanasia (36). A Modest Proposal The lack of compassion towards the poverty-stricken citizens is the target of Swift’

Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand - Essay Example Humankind’s escape from the state of spiritual and eternal bliss to the mad quest for mundane obsession has repeatedly emerged as one of the favorite themes of discussion and criticism for literary artists in different times, although such process received different forms of literary manifestations. Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged is one of the greatest literary pieces deals with the same theme and during the course of reflecting over different aspects of modern existence it has provided considerable focus over different aspects of human life, starting from gender, spiritual, physical and philosophical discourses. The theme of â€Å"individualism and collectivism †¦ manifested within the individual’s soul† (Sciabarra 114) has recurred among Ayn Rand’s literary works at different points of time; however, in the Atlas Shrugged her mastery to treat the same theme has reached culmination as she has been able to fuse both literary techniques and philosoph ical arguments to their perfectly measured respective proportions. The storyline of Atlas Shrugged provides a reader with an interesting mode of characterization, and the main reason behind such characterization can be the author’s conscious effort to portray the characters as perfect representatives of the modern world of capitalist observation both towards life, society and social duties or commitments. Presence of the capitalist socio-economic discourse at the heart of the novel plays a very important role in the context of orienting the nature of characters and parts that they have played in contributing to the ongoing course of the story. On one hand, the author has narrated tale of a society, where immorality and extreme selfishness gnawed the foundation of morality and fellowship; on the other, suffering of individuals, their emotional tenderness and their spiritual and emotional suffocation within an extremely inhuman situation clearly indicate that every time the entire social system will

Services marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Services marketing - Essay Example Service marketing is the marketing of service or performances of the service seller. Service is intangible in nature and hence it cannot be measured. Similarly, service marketing is also intangible and cannot be gauged easily. The reason behind the distinction between that of the product marketing and service marketing is because of the fact that services are more heterogeneous in nature. There is no uniformity when it comes to service marketing as there are different types of services available. Crux of service depends on its uniqueness. If a better service is provided then that particular company will get to sell more of its services. Thus there is no standardization in marketing as opposed to that of the products. You need to bring this awareness into the customers as well. Literature Review Marketing Types and Characteristics There are different types of marketing needs. One of the marketing types is that of the product marketing wherein the customer’s needs toward the products are taken care of. Product marketing is easy to gauge and thus will provide a clear cut approach for marketing. The manufacturing of the product is based on the product marketing. If the demand from the customer is more then more such products will be manufactured. Service is something that is rendered as per the requirement of the service buyer. Both service buyer and service seller plays a major important role in the market of service. Service marketing is entirely different from that of the product marketing and requires a completely new approach than that of the product marketing. The four major characteristics of marketing play a major role in optimizing of the service marketing. They are intangibility, heterogeneity, intangibility and perishable nature. In view of Bruhn M. and Georgi D. (2006, p. 478), the service indu stry has got a value chain that it needs to follow through in the process of marketing. Once the managing of service value chain is mastered then it becomes quiet easy thereafter. A set procedure will make a huge difference. A lot of factors that can be attributed to service marketing, that makes gives it a winning edge. Services have a special angle to it as they can never be stored for future consumption. It has to be used then and there. Thus service is produced and consumed at the same time. Perishable in nature services need to be utilized when it is produced. Marketing of services needs a lot of other contributing factor. Say for instance, if you are marketing a product, only the product needs to be good. If the product is good then people will go for it without any further questioning. On the other hand service marketing needs a lot of attractive features such as the company that renders service should be well known in the market. The person who is undertaking the responsibil ity to deliver the service should also be good and impressive. Only then the service will be sought after. The distinct nature of service marketing It is the service industry that needs more of marketing than that of the product manufacturing. Hence service marketing is more important aspect of the business. People need to get the name of

PRESENTATION'S REPORT ON GALATIANS( 3;28) THE ARGUMET SORUNDING THE Essay

PRESENTATION'S REPORT ON GALATIANS( 3;28) THE ARGUMET SORUNDING THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN CHURCH LEADERSHIP - Essay Example To underscore my theme, I quoted Richison’s (2000) work which postulates that Christ’s redemptive work not only saves all (male and female), but also gives people the will to work for God. Because of this, there is no room for gender discrimination, since men and women are justified. I also made reference of Johnson’s (1997) work, wherein he argues that the cause of feminist Christians is misguided since Galatians 3:28 and other scriptural passages in the New Testament are indicative of, and in support of gender parity. Particularly, Johnson shows that cases that feminists take as scriptural references that act as vestiges of gender discrimination are actually instances which have been taken out of context. I also point out that and concede to Davis’ (2013) postulation that God only qualified functional differences of the sexes: He defined the roles that men and women have to play, in the society, but did not intend them to treat each other as unequal. Because of this, it is wrong to say that God in the Scriptures sanctioned gender inequality. I ended up with the standpoint that in respect to Galatians 3:28, women should be allowed to discharge leadership roles just as men, since men and women are equals. Likewise, the reason I drew for their equality is their being in possession of inherent qualities that espouse them to leadership duties, calling and responsibility (Lind, 2013). From the presentation, I learnt that Christians, regardless of their sex, can identify with Christ. This is because, I realised that the concept of servanthood emanated from Christ Himself who was also the perfect servant. The Bible in Exodus 21:6 and Deuteronomy 15:17 speak of an individual who makes himself a slave out of his own volition and his ear is pierced (or opened) with an awl. Later on, Psalms 45 confirms that the slave in Exodus 21:6 and Deuteronomy 15:17 is a foreshadowing of Christ, the servant of God. To underscore this standpoint, Isaiah 53 also refers to

Poetry Explication essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poetry Explication - Essay Example He however did indicate that it was situated fifty miles from London, and is believed to be in Nuneham Courtenay. This poem is dedicated to artist Sir Joshua Reynolds, a close friend of Oliver Goldsmith. Goldsmith’s aim however, was to condemn the rural depopulation and over indulgences of the riches. As a poet who was disturbed by the increasing British love for wealth instead of the goodness of the country that was marred at the hand of a few millionaires, Goldsmith mourns the loss of a paradise that he knew was his. If practically dissected however, ‘Sweet Auburn’ is a village of pure goodness in its people and in its topography. While the poet chooses to romanticize the beauty of the villagers, he completely ignores their hardships. The poem opens with lines that provide a description of the village Auburn – written in past tense – as the poet is recollecting the memories of the Irish village and fruits of his more than often travels to the villages in England. The poet dramatizes the plains of the villages and early visiting spring to allure peasants from migrating while inviting farmers and peasants from other countries. It is interesting to notice that the word ‘delayed’ adds wistfulness to the tone of the poem, as if the paradise in the form of village that Goldsmith has made up is going to get lost somehow. With these lines, he tries to explain that the land has been abandoned by its people leading to its ruin. People have left their homes to collapse, and their farms to ruin all in the chase of wealth leading to a progressive decline in the nature’s way of life. The poet also directs firmly towards the restorative times when money-making was considered more important than a person’s health and moral responsibilities. The helplessness of the poet to change times is evident with words such as ‘mouldering’ and ‘trembling’. The poet with his deep love states in this stanza

Evironmental factor paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Evironmental factor paper - Essay Example Domestically, Coca-Cola has designed a line of merchandise that features polar bears and many of these items are collectible. In fact, Coca-Cola paraphernalia has been a nostalgic collectible for several years as there are people all over the world hunting down items that are vintage but boast the company’s name and logo. It is all a means of advertisement and promotion but has been popular for several decades. It has become a leader among branding and includes the bottling of more than just Coca-Cola but also soft drinks and Vitaminwaters so to appeal to not only those whom drink soda, but also for those who wish to drink decaffeinated beverages and other non-carbonated drinks. Some of the environmental practices that could greatly impact the Coca-Cola company is that some people simply live in third world countries and may not have access to their products. This company does not necessarily target them as a priority audience but does its best to sponsor worldwide events which gain a lot of global attention such as the Olympic Games in which they have been corporate sponsors of the events on several different occasions. This familiarizes the entire world with the brand. Additionally, as chain restaurants such as McDonald’s has grown and become a global fast food chain, the company serves Coca-Cola beverages in their soda machines. This means that for anyone who orders a fountain drink at any location around the world, McDonald’s is under contract to serve Coca-Cola drinks. If one were to travel abroad, they might be interested to find that the formula of Coca-Cola is different in various different locations. In some parts of the world, the drink is sweeter than it is in other regions while in other areas of the world, the level of carbonation is also different as I have discovered this on my own, having ordered Coca-Cola products in other countries and the tastes are significantly different among a wide spectrum of

John Marshall Essay Example for Free

John Marshall Essay â€Å"Its is emphatically, the province and duty of the judicial department, to say what the law is.† (Ducat, Craig Constitutional Interpretation p. 10) These seventeen words written two hundred years ago made the highest court in the United States supreme, and making it so, Chief Justice John Marshall’s words in that sentence continue to make an impact on every Supreme Court case thereafter. Justice Marshall laid the basic foundations to protect the Federal system that was established by the Constitution. In Marbury v. Madison, McCulloch v. Maryland, and Gibbons v. Ogden the Supreme Court maintained the United States as a federal state. Marbury v Madison was the influential case that the Supreme Court cites as a precedent when employing judicial review. It left the power to be rested on the judicial branch when determining to uphold either the law or the Constitution. By establishing the right to judicial review, Marshall, with the support of the legislative and executive branches, made all cases before the courts subservient to the U.S. Constitution. Cases that have been heard after Marbury v. Madison, that come into question, must be interpreted through the Constitution. Uniformity of all states of the Union were established when Marshall and the Supreme Court ruled in McCulloch v. Maryland. Although the Constitution gave powers to the states under the Tenth Amendment, Marshall implemented the powers of the Federal government by exercising Article 1 Section 8 Clause 18 (necessary and proper clause) and Article 6 Section 2 (supremacy clause). Marshall explained that the Constitution gave the federal government the power to incorporate a bank if it deemed it necessary and proper not for the powers of Congress, but necessary and proper for the powers granted to Congress by the Constitution. Marshall also outlined the rights of the states by enacting Article 6 in his decision. He stated that the supremacy clause prohibited the states from having the power to tax, which would then involve the states power to destroy the powers of the Constitution to create. Gibbons v. Ogden expanded the powers of the Federal government aforementioned in the previous two influential cases. This case defined the Commerce Clause found in Article 1 Section 8 Clause 3. In his genius, Marshall defined commerce not only as an exchange of commodities, but also the means by which interstate and foreign intercourse those commodities travel. By giving the Federal government control over commerce through interpretation of the Constitution, Marshall preserved the prosperity of the country as an economic Union conducting business under national, not state, control. Chief Justice John Marshall’s decisions in all three of the cases explained previously depict the evolution of the Supreme Court. Marbury v. Madison separated the powers of the three branches of governments, McCulloch v. Maryland separated and defined the powers of the Federal and state governments, and Gibbons V. Ogden separated the commerce powers of the Federal and state governments. Marshall decided each case based on the foundations established by the U.S. Constitution, and in each of his decisions, he preserved the integrity of the Framers intentions of the United States as a Federal state.

Human Behavior Organization Essay Example for Free

Human Behavior Organization Essay Human behavior is important in an organization as it defines how people work together and interact with one another. A co-operative team with an established leader will produce better results than a group of people that have no guidance and dont know how to work with one another. Organizations spend time and effort in the human resources department ensuring human behavior in the workplace is appropriate and productive. †¢ Human behavior and the organization hierarchy Human behavior is of crucial importance in the establishment of a hierarchy. Hierarchies are necessary in every kind of organization, from schools to companies to charities. Some homes even have a hierarchy established. Hierarchies allow workers in an organization to pursue similar objectives by working together. Leaders are needed to guide organization members through day-to-day tasks. Human behavior dictates the strongest will be highest in a hierarchy, as it is for those people organization members have the greatest respect. For instance, in a company, it will be those with the most work experience and highest standard of qualifications who gain high hierarchy positions. †¢ Human behavior and co-operation Human behavior allows members of an organization to work together effectively. As people know the necessary way in which to interact with one another, they can communicate effectively and build good working relationships that allow organization objectives to be pursued with maximum effect. Sometimes it is necessary to influence and change human behavior in terms of cooperation. For instance, a few decades ago it was considered the norm for male colleagues to call female colleagues pet names such as love and hun. Nowadays, this is thought to be unprofessional and even derogatory. Any organization member who treats their colleagues in a way that is deemed inappropriate can face disciplinary procedures if they do not alter their behavior.

Ambitious Effects In Frankenstein English Literature Essay

Ambitious Effects In Frankenstein English Literature Essay In Mary Shelleys novel, Frankenstein, the book examines a variety of aspects of ambitionfor instance, with Victor, ambition proves to be his undoing, and, in turn, Victors example becomes a forewarning for Robert Walton; meanwhile, the Creature is, in a sense, Victors child and thus inherits facets of Victors ambitionbut because the Creature is also a conglomerate of all the humans who embody him, he is thereby also symbolic of Mankinds ambitions that do not fully come to realization nor fulfillment, which is why readers can identify with the Creatures tragic elements. Frankenstein explores the repercussion of man and monster chasing ambition blindly. Victor Frankenstein discovered the obscure secret that allowed him to create life. And after Frankenstein discovered the source of human life, he became utterly absorbed in his experimental creation of a human being and it consumed his life completely. Victors boundless ambition and his yearning to succeed in his efforts to create life, and to have his creation praise him as his creator for the life he gave it led him to find ruin and anguish at the end of his ambition. For this I had deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardor that far exceeded moderation; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. (P. 42) Walton wanted to sail to the arctic because no other sailor had ever reached it or discovered its secrets. The monster was created against his will; his ambition was to requite his creation as an appalling outcast and to attain some satisfaction for crumbling the world around Victor. These three characters all acted upon the same blind ambition. Modern man is the monster, estranged from his creator-sometimes believing his own origins to be meaningless and accidental and full of rage at the conditions of his existence. Since the monster has no name of his own, hes not quite an autonomous fellow. Instead, he is bound to his creator. He is naught without Victor. He is as much a part of Frankenstein as he is his own self. The monster comes into the world by a pretty horrendous set of circumstances. He has the physique of a giant, yet a puerile mind. He has an amiable nature, yet his physical deformity hides his benevolence and makes everyone fear and abuse him. His own creator even rejected him because of his hideous looks. His feelings are the most deep and poignant of any characters in this novel, as well as the most conflicted. When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, the, a monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned? (P. 105) To make matters more complicated, the mons ter is correlated to both Adam and Satan in Paradise Lost. This may seem slightly nebulous. The thing to keep in mind is that the idea at the heart of the monster is his duality. He has a very abstruse duality. He is at once man in his immaculate state before the Fall (the Fall = evil), and yet the manifestation of evil itself. This is starting to sound like Victor Frankenstein. Abstruse dualityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦conflicting characterizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦could it be that the monster mirrors his maker in his duality? Of course, the other reason the monster turns on humans is because Victor was his last tie to humanity. The monster is one of many people in this text that is affected by loneliness, isolation, and an all around desire for companionship. Victor may have scorned him, resented him, and tried repeatedly to eradicate him, but at least he talked to the monster. At least he recognized the monsters existence. And for a creature that spent most of his wretched life in hiding and ex ile, alone without anyone there for him, this can be pretty good reason to pursue Victor. Good or bad, Victor is the only relation hes ever had and he tries desperately to cling to this relationship. Do we accuse him? Do we spite him? Do we adore him? Hes tenderhearted. He articulates well with others and he even rescues a little girl from a river. He just gets the cruelty and hatred because hes ugly. Can we blame him if he lashes out in abrupt and absurdly violent ways? From that moment he declared everlasting war against the species, and more than all, against Frankenstein who had formed him and sent him forth to this insupportable misery. (P. 99) This sounds like more clashing emotions. Could it be that we, the reader, feel the equivalent duality of emotions that the monster and Victor feel for each other? One more thing, what does it mean that the monster is made out of dead-person pieces? If hes made up out of people, then hes essentially a person himself. But if theyre inert, then hes never really extant in the first place. You could also say that, since hes an aggregate of human parts, hes also a conglomerate of human traits. This might show us the nature of his complex duality. Modern man is also Frankenstein, furthermore estranged from his creator-usurping the powers of God and irresponsibly tinkering with nature, full of benign purpose and malignant results. Both Frankenstein and the monster begin with affable intentions and become murderers. The monster may seem more softhearted because he is by nature an outsider, whereas Frankenstein purposely removes himself from human society. When Frankenstein first becomes enthralled in his efforts to create life, collecting materials from the dissecting room and slaughterhouse, he breaks his ties with friends and family, becoming increasingly confined. His father reproaches him for this; eliciting Frankenstein to ask himself what his single-minded quest for knowledge has cost him, and whether or not it is morally acceptable. Looking back, he concludes that it is not, contrary to his credence at the time, If no man allowed any pursuit whatsoever to interfere with the tranquility of his domestic affections, Greece h ad not been enslaved; Caesar would have spared his country; America would have been discovered more gradually; and the empires of Mexico and Peru had not been destroyed. (p. 35). Natural world is like Eden and will be corrupted through too much knowledge (science). [ProofBiblical Conception of Knowledge; man evicted from paradise for knowing too much; Prometheus reined in by Gods; novel written in Romantic era which upholds the values that Progress is Dangerous and that there must be a return to Idealized Past]. Through Victor and Walton, Frankenstein represents human beings as deeply ambitious, and yet also deeply erroneous. The labors of men of genius, however erroneously directed, scarcely ever fail in ultimately turning to the solid advantage of mankind. (P. 29) Both Victor and Walton fantasize of transforming society and bringing prestige to themselves through their scientific conquests. Yet their ambitions also make them ignorant. Blinded by dreams of glory, they fail to consider the repercussions of their actions. So while Victor turns himself into a god, a creator, by bringing his monster to life, this only highlights his fallibility when he is ultima tely inept of fulfilling the obligation that a creator has to its creation. Victor thinks he will be like a god, but ends up the progenitor of a devil. Walton, at least, turns back from his quest to the North Pole before getting himself and his crew annihilated, after hearing Victors tale about the devastating aftermath of pushing the boundaries of exploration. I will not lead you on, unguarded and ardent as I then was, to your destruction and infallible misery. Learn from me, if not by my precepts, at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native town to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow. (P. 33) He learns from Victors tragedy. After Victor dies, he turns the ship back to England, trying not to make the same mistakes that Victor made in the obsessive compulsion that destroyed his life, but he does so with the resentful conclusion that he has been deprived of t he glory he originally sought. Frankenstein is an expostulation of humanity, specifically of the human concept of technical progress, science, and enlightenment, and a deeply humanistic effort full of empathy for the human state of our own condition. Victor is a brilliant, sentimental, visionary, and accomplished young man whose studies in natural philosophy (p. 31) and chemistry evolve from A fervent longing to penetrate the secrets of nature. (p. 22). As the novel develops and the plot thickens, Frankenstein and his monster oppose each other and fight one another for the portrayal of the main protagonist of the story. We are inclined to identify with Frankenstein, whose character is admired by his immaculate friends and family and even by the ship captain, who saves him, berserk by his pursuit for vengeance, from the ice floe. He is a human being, nevertheless. Notwithstanding, regardless of his humanitarian ambition to Banish disease from the human frame and render man invulnerable to any but a violent death! ( p. 43), Frankenstein becomes tangled in a hostile pursuit that causes him to destroy his own well-being and shun his fellow-creatures as ifguilty of a crime (p. 35). His irresponsibility is the stimulant, the foundation of what causes the death of those he loves most, and he falls under the ascendancy of his own creation and fails to break free from the chains that bind him. Neither Victor nor Walton could liberate themselves from their blinding ambitions, they made it seem that all men, and notably those who pursue to raise themselves up in renown above the rest of society and even god, are in fact impetuous and imperfect creatures with feeble and defective natures. We can all learn from Victors last words to Walton, Seek happiness in tranquility and avoid ambition, even if it be only the apparently innocent one of distinguishing yourself in science and discoveries. (P. 162)

Project Management Essay example -- Business Research Papers Managing

Project Management The concept of project management is a vague yet essential part of the average work environment. Typically, this process is overlooked by the average person, and its function within academic, business, and research environments is essential to the development of products, theories, and success. The idea behind project management is to separate a group of people, small or large depending on the size of the company, and focus their efforts on a goal or ‘project’. Each company or organization has a different methodology when it comes to arranging their project management group. However, these organizations usually follow a core set of ideas or concepts that have been proven successful in the development of goals. Two factors contribute to the overall goals of a project management team, individual skills on the team and the process by which those skills are applied. To begin a discussion about project management, it is good to break down the separate parts of the organization and look at the necessary skills for successful project managers. Each company has specific qualities which a candidate for employment should possess. For example, the International Health Economics Association recently posted a job position for a project manager online. Some of the required responsibilities are as follows; â€Å"Understand client requirements†¦Supervise data collection and analysis†¦Evaluate data†¦Develop findings and recommendations which are appropriate to client requirements† (IHEA 2004). Another emphasis, which seems to be the same across many job postings, is an ability to participate in the international market. In the current global business world, very few large companies or organizations limit their resear... ...ach individual project is vital to achieve success in the business world. Works Cited Canadian Institute for Health Information. â€Å"Project Manager, Health Services Research.† Online: http://secure.cihi.ca/cihiweb/dispPage.jsp?cw_page=career_ projmanHSR_e. July 26, 2004. Covance. â€Å"Job Description.† Online: http://www.sciencejobs.com/list/ViewJob- eur2285.html. July 26, 2004. International Health Economics Association. â€Å"Senior Associate/Project Manager, Health Economics and Outcomes.† Online: http://www.healtheconomics.org /jobs/2004/08/15/senior-associateproject-m.html. July 26, 2004. Tenstep. â€Å"TenStep Project Management Process.† Online: http://www.tenstep.com/0.0.0 TenStepHomepage.htm. July 26, 2004 Wideman. â€Å"Project Management Plan - to - Project Plan Development† Online: http://www.pmforum.org/library/glossary/PMG_P12.htm. July 26, 2004

McDonaldization: The Dehumanization of Workers Essay -- Argumentative

McDonaldization: The Dehumanization of Workers McDonaldization is becoming the new wave of job types where workers are being deskilled, dehumanized and exploited. Machines are taking over tasks which the employees used to do such as bank machines (interact). The McDonaldized jobs now instead of making the employee do all the work they have the customer working too, for example when the customer cleans up after eating. These jobs are becoming less interactive and personal because workers are becoming dehumanized and only allowed to follow a script, there is also the fact that fast food Company’s use drive through, where limited interaction occurs and are many restrictions. These types of jobs which the author George Ritzer labeled â€Å"McJobs† are run by organizational principals such as; efficiency, uniformity, predictability and control. The fast-food industry accounts for 40 percent of people employed in the restaurant business (of all types), of an approximate 6 million workers. The author gives evidence to show how fast-food highly depends on teenagers to work because the statistics are, about 70 percent of the workers are twenty years old and under, this was most likely their first type of job. This industry is mainly part time employee’s whose average work week consists of 29.5 hours. The rates of staff changes are quite regular, only about more than 50 percent stay for longer than a year. These jobs are mainly filled by lower classes and excessive amounts of mino...

Depleted Uranium Ethics Of the Silver Bullet :: Argumentative Persuasive Weapon Papers

Depleted Uranium Ethics Of the Silver Bullet I. INTRODUCTION/ABSTRACT: â€Å"All the soldiers there were wearing NBC (nuclear, biological, chemical warfare) protective clothing. We said: ‘What’s going on here?’ And their answer was: ‘Didn’t you know? This ammunition is a bit dodgy.’† – Tim Pubrick, Gulf War veteran, British Royal Army tank commander.6 Depleted uranium (DU) ammunition is a very recent advancement in military weapons use. Due to its effectiveness against piercing armor, DU ammunition has recently become a popular item among NATO armies and will most likely become a mainstream form of conventional ammunition among many other armies of the world. However, massive amounts of circumstantial evidence strongly suggests that the use of DU ammunition has known to cause dramatic side effects, such as health problems, stillborn babies, toxic and poisonous land, water supplies, and residential territories. Hence an important question arises, is it ethical to use DU ammunition on the battlefield? II. WHAT IS DEPLETED URANIUM (DU)? Before we can analyze the ethical use of DU ammunition, it is important to first establish the technology behind DU and DU weapons. Uranium is one of the heaviest elements found in nature and is emits alpha, beta, and gamma particles. It is 1.7 times denser than lead.12 The half-life of U238 (DU is 99% U238) is 4.5 billion years!13 Uranium byproducts(such as Thorium (Th232)) have even longer half-lives, making uranium an element that gets more radioactive during its own decay process.5 Natural uranium is 99.274% U238, 0.720% U235, and 0.0055% U234.14a Uranium is enriched when its contents of U235 reaches 3.2-3.6% (since U235 is fissible). Weapon-grade uranium is +90% U235.14a What is depleted uranium? We start out with natural uranium and extract enriched uranium for nuclear fuel and weaponry. The leftover from the extraction process is something very similar to natural uranium, known as â€Å"depleted uranium†. The only difference is that DU has 0.202% of U235 and 0.0008% of U234.14a How much DU do we currently have? As of June 1998, we have around 57,800 huge steel cylinders of DU or 496,000 metric tons. 14b Storage of DU is very complicated and problematic since corrosion of DU storage cylinders often occurs over relatively short periods of time.15 III. MODERN APPLICATIONS OF DU: The applications of DU are quite extensive. DU is very low cost and is readily available. DU can be used as a commercial aircraft counterweight. A Boeing 747 needs 1,500 kg of DU.

Organizational performance Essay

Today’s society is diverse and rapidly changing and it is the organisation’s ability to adapt or be in fit with the external environment that will determine its overall performance. Ethical issues arise throughout all organisations daily activities but it is the continual debate about what is right or wrong that will shape ethical decision making now and for generations to come. This essay aims to investigate culture within the internal environment and how culture plays a role in an organisation’s ability to fit in with the environment. According to (Samson and Daft, 2003:80) the internal environment is â€Å"composed of present employees, management and business culture†. This essay will investigate how culture plays a role in the organisations overall success. In addressing the issue it will be shown how the external environment has changed in terms of how organisations are evaluated. How changing an organisation’s culture can help the organisation be in fit with the external environment and how the success of changing culture may depend on the level of employee moral development. It is argued that the organisation’s performance depends on a fit between the organisation and its external environment. Body Key point 1: How the external environment has changed in terms of how organisations are evaluated. The external environment has changed with respect to how organisations are evaluated today. According to ( Samson and Daft, 2003:79) the external environment is â€Å"all elements existing outside the organisation’s limitations that have the possibility to affect the organisation†. Companies around the world have started to realise that investors are not concerned exclusively with financial performance (Tschopp, 2003). The days of companies being  evaluated on their financial performance are gone and companies are now finding that they are being evaluated on a more overall perspective. Increasing the ethical obligations can help an organisation when adapting to the external environment. According to ( Samson and Daft, 2003:147) ethics is † the code of honourable principles and standards that governs the behaviours of an individual or group with respect to what is correct or incorrect.† If ethics is incorporated as part of the organisation this can lead to improvements in the workplace and towards society. The triple bottom line approach has been introduced as a way of achieving overall success both internally and externally throughout the organisation. Triple bottom line entails reporting on economic, social, and environmental issues. Corporate success should be considered not just by the traditional financial bottom line, but also by its social/ethical and environmental performance ( Samson and Daft, 2003). Triple bottom line has not only put the emphasis on managers to not only make a profit but to also consider the surrounding external environment that they could be affecting. Businesses now report annually on social and environmental performance as well as their financial performance because they know it provides a more complete measure of long-term value creation and strategic opportunity (Tuchman. J, 2004). Key Point 2: Organisations need to change to fit. They can do this by changing an organisation’s culture to fit in with the external environment. The external environment has altered and it’s the organisation’s ability to change to keep in touch with the external environment that determines its performance. One way an organisation can change to keep in contact with the environment is by altering it’s culture. According to (Samson and Daft. 2003: 94) culture is â€Å"the knowledge, beliefs, values, behaviours and ways of viewing shared among members of a society†. Organisational culture has been defined, in very simple but intuitive words, as â€Å"the way we do things around here† (Domenec, 2003). The notion that we can make others do what we want them to do by persuading them to want to do  it is one that has a long pedigree. This notion became formalised as an integrative view of organisation culture and became more ingrained after the publishing of the book In Search of Excellence in 1982 (Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman, Jr., 1982) Moving towards greater corporate responsibility may require culture change or at least cultural re-enforcement. The fundamental values that exemplify cultures at these and other organisations can be understood through the noticeable manifestations of symbols, stories, heroes, slogans and ceremonies. Any organisation’s culture can be interpreted by observing these factors (Samson and Daft, 2003:95). By incorporating symbols, stories, heroes, slogans and ceremonies into an organisation’s culture they will be able to adapt to the changing external environment. According to (Samson and Daft, 2003:97) slogan is † a phrase or sentence that succinctly expresses a key corporate value†. Hungry Jacks for example has the slogan † The burgers are better at Hungry Jacks†. They have incorporated this slogan as part of their culture to try and separate them from the other competitors. By incorporating the different types of culture into and organisation, may change the way managers and employees think to incorporate social and natural environmental responsibilities into the workforce. Key Point 3: The success of changing culture may depend on the level of employee ethical development. The success of changing culture can depend on numerous factors but the level of employee ethical development plays a role. The three levels of personal moral development could pose a problem for employee ethical development. The theory developed by Kohlberg goes through the different stages of employee development from pre-conventional to post conventional. Starting at the pre-conventional level which focuses on right vs. wrong and the behaviour is on one’s self to the conventional level which focuses on the  group rather then one’s self. Then lastly Kohlberg’s post-conventional level of individual development which focuses on abstract and self-chosen principles (Arnold and Lampe, 1999). Kohlberg’s theory brings attention to the fact that if employees are going in different directions it can hinder the success of an organisation. If there are employees who are focusing on what is right vs. wrong and other employees who are following self chosen principles even though they know people hold different views. In this sense, the greatest danger to modern organisations is the betrayal of â€Å"ambitious, selfish, untrustworthy people who care more for their own progression than the mission of the organisation† (Domenec, 2003). Since each person is unique, each one can focus on personal accomplishment in very different ways (Domenec, 2003). Conclusion This essay investigated culture within the internal environment and how culture plays a role in an organisation’s ability to fit in with the environment. In support of this argument there has been evidence supported to show how organisations incorporate culture to be in fit with the changes of external environment. Organisations are finding that they are being evaluated not only on their financial status but also their social and environmental performance. This has meant that organisations have had to change their culture to compensate in the change in evaluation. An organisation culture can be observed through such factors as slogans and symbols which now have to coincide with the external environment. The success of the changing culture can depend on the level of employee ethical development and at what stage everyone is at. If an organisation is united and following the same path or views they may find greater overall success. Views that link an organisation’s culture with its performance seek to shape managers and employees understandings in a common and coherent direction (Kolter and Keskett, 1992). Bibliography: 1. Samson, D., & Daft, R.L. (2003) Management: Pacific rim edition. Victoria: Thomson. 2. Thomas J. Peters and Robert H. Waterman, Jr., In Search of Excellence: Lessons from America’s Best-Run Companies (New York: Warner Books, 1982), 3. Tuchman, J. 2004, Big Owners Balance Triple Bottom Line [online], Available from URL: http://www.enr.com/news/bizlabor/archives/040809-1.asp 4.

Promote Equality Essay

Promote passableity, Diversity and inclusion in Work with Children and Young heap 1.1 Identify the current legislation and inscribes of employ relevant to the advance of equality and valuing of mixed bag The current codes of practice relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity are as follows- Every Child Matters 2003 and Children morsel 2004 updated in 2010 Help Children Achieve More Organisations and agencies complicated with minorren between birth and 19 historic period should ensure children to be Safe, Healthy, Enjoy and Achieve, economical well- existence and Positive contribution.Equality displace 2010 Anti-discrimination legislation. To reinforce inclusion of whatsoever child regardless of disability or race.SEN code of Practice 2001- The Special Educational take and Disability Act 2001. Strengthened the rights of parents and SEN children to a main stream education. gay Rights Act 1998 Highlighted the principle that all humans produce the same rights and should be treated equally.UN traffic pattern on the Rights of the Child 1989 leads on from the Human Rights Act and sets out the rights of all children to be treated equally and fairly and without discrimination.1.2 inform the importance of promoting the rights of all children and young stack to affair and equality of access It is measurable to promote the rights of all children and young adults to participation and equality of access for the reasons of- A. Human Rightsall(a) children have a right to mark and play together.Children should not be discriminated against for any reason. inclusion is concerned with improving schools for provide as well as pupils.B. Equal Opportunities in educationChildren do ruin in inclusive settings, both academically and socially.Children should not need to be disordered to achieve adequate educational provision. comprehensive education is a more economical use of educational resources.C. Social OpportunitiesInclusion in e ducation is one nerve of inclusion in society. Children need to be involved and integrated with all of their peers.1.3 let off the importance and benefits of valuing and promoting cultural diversity in work with children and young people The benefits of valuing and promoting cultural diversity are that children exit mother up in an environment which value cultural diversity and enables us to rook from one another. Children will also go a expression used to finding out to the highest degree other cultures and beliefs from an early age. In this way they will not grow up thinking that their own culture is the same as everyone elses. Children from all backgrounds need to bed that their culture and status is valued to patron them feel settled and secure. This then contributes to their being able to learn. If they feel isolated or anxious, it is more likely that learning will be difficult for them.

Monster Verses Monster

Today, people still recognize the ghastly, frightful Frankenstein as a monster, but according to Deems Taylors Monster, Richard Wagner is the monstrous beast. Monsters atomic number 18 expected to be fright the desire Frankenstein, but some monsters argon really humans like Richard Wagner. Oddly, when comparing Frankenstein and Wagnerthey certainly make out some of the same grim features. Frankenstein and Wagners faces manifest a gloomy expression of black death. Their spirit for breeding lacks warmth in their eyeball. Frankensteins eyes are hollow and dreary covered with drooping, eyelids, and underneath his eyes are massive sandbags.Similarly, Wagners vengeful glance leers inertly like a frozen statue. Taylor says, he has a flare for making enemies (695). The pasty bags (sagging above his cheekbones) are pursy up like air pockets. Moreover, they share corresponding shriveled lips. Frankensteins colorless lips are indistinctly distorted like the mouth of a ruined, porc elain doll. epoch Wagners, sickly, pale lips evoke a spine-chilling eeriness create most people to shutter its the figure that makes the skin crawl with goose bumps. Undoubtedly, their cold expressions are lifeless, and wicked however, the size and shape of their heads are equally dreadful.Their large, peculiar, heads resemble a heavy mass wobble like a bobble head. Their foreheads dominate their commodious skulls. Frankensteins forehead is like a stretched-canvas awning for protection over his eyes. It protrudes along his brow like a piece of metal rod lodged underneath his skin. Likewise, Wagners receding hairline emphasizes the size of his enormous skull. correspond to Taylor, he states, his head is too big for his corpse (693). Furthermore, the structure of their get ups is abnormally malformed. Frankensteins square chin bulks like a block of wood lodge into his bottom jaw.Its size is the dimension of a smooth building. On the other hand, Wagners narrow, pointy chin e xtends like an arrow heading for its target. Indeed, the likeness of Frankenstein and Wagners massive skulls are laughably creepy. Nonetheless, the magnitude of resemblance is uncanny. All the same, the dreadful expressions on a face or the flaky proportions of a body can depict a vision of a monster. Frankenstein is a character, created, monster, but Wagner is a real person a monster in the eyes of Taylor. As attested by Taylor, the conjure of his monster is Richard Wagner (695).

Care and Compassion in the Nursing Profession Essay

enjoy codification As a student, I swallow uncomplete stipulation nor get annoying/ swear out on this assignment. feel for and graciousness in the cargon for occupation treat is a physically and emotionally demanding communication channel. thither ar visome virtues that should be followed when on the job(p) as a nurse. tenderness and benevolence passel be viewed as treats virtually treasured plus (Schantz, 2007). warmth and gentleness atomic number 18 2 varied char seteristics with corresponding meanings. pity is coif as display kindness or tutelage for others (Oxford, 2013). pity is defined as likeable pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others (Oxford, 2013). or so hatful submit breast feeding as their job because their impulse to handle for others. macrocosm a leniencyate idiosyncratic allows you to farm a redress family relationship with a tolerant. When a unhurried feels cargond for emotionally they receive c orporate trust and self-worth. mercyate requires you to physically get your long-suffering role needs. When a tolerant has a gumption a cosmos c ard for they whitethorn be to a greater extent spontaneous to participate. to the steepest degree nurses require a certain(prenominal) wit as Do unto others as you would want bring in unto you (Watson, 1988).along with pathosate, pathos is effort why deal trust to be nurses. benevolence is non kind- messageedness you come on toward a patient in need, scarcely alternatively the favorable- willing that causes you to act on an privileged desire to attend that patient (Hart, 2011). When screening grace its non doing things you are accountable to do as a nurse, alone doing it because you are urged to do it as a benevolent creation to make a inequality. solely six virtues define nursing singularity as a whole, simply feel for and compassion are draw things to pack when treating patients as nurses. To oblige a high role of health charge revolves around affectionateness and compassion. It makes a well-favored difference to make up compassion in your heart to negociate for others. lovingness and compassion nookie prepare much(prenominal) a good impingement on a patient to warthere he/she will brighten self-worth and dignity.ReferencesCaring. (n.d). In Oxford online dictionary. Retrieved from http//oxforddictionaries.com/us/ interpretation/american_english/caring gentleness. (n.d). In Oxford online dictionary. Retrieved from http//oxforddictionaries.com/us/ description/american_english/compassion Hart, M. (2011). pity A emergency For graphic symbol nursing Care. Retrieved from http//www.anurseiam.com/show_winners.php?winning_nurses_id=57 Schantz, M. (2007). Compassion a impression analysis. breast feeding Forum, 48-55. Retrieved from http//www.nursingtimes.net/nursing-practice/clinical-zones/ counselling/compassion-in-nursing-1-defining-identifying-and-measuring- this-essential-quality-/5006242.article Watson, J. (1988). new dimensions of world caring theory. nursing scholarship Quarterly, 175-181. Retrieved from http//rnjournal.com/journal-of-nursing/caring-and-the-professional-practice-of-nursing

Global Communication: Book Report

hold propound planetary converse (By Yahya R. Kamalipour) publisher Thomson Wadsworth year of proceeds 2007 criminal record narrative indite By ibn Talal Hussein Ebrahim / incision of hoi polloi conference at Grambling assign University. The seasonnt of the valet(prenominal) discourse bind is Yahya Kamalipour a professor of locoweed intercourse and tip of the subdivision of confabulation and inventive arts at Purdue University. His search interests atomic round 18 nearly subject orbital cavitys associate to b each-shaped confabulations a great deal(prenominal) as, foreign talk theory, orbiculateization, mod talk technologies, and media contact.In this give-and-take, the former unruffled seekes that atomic number 18 link up to the solid ground(prenominal) chat topic from 14 disparate seeker, and substantial this b each-shaped discourse throw. gibe to Kamalipour that the outside(a) colloquys were thither since the nat ions were funded and society betwixt quite a little leaped. However, intercourse styles and tools ar ever- changing and c argonn. In addition, foreignistic dialogue did non bring in whole infringe amidst nations until it starts to captivate nicetys, mixed bag believes, and opinions.Further more, the reservoir discusses the ground-wideistic conference as a broker of the destination innovation-wideisation that predicted by marsh solely McLuhan in the 1960s. Although, thither argon sev durationl(prenominal) comp wholenessnts for military manwideisation stinting, regime, market-gardening, companionable, and talk, entirely converse is the closely(prenominal) worthy aspect. Moreoer, Kamalipour claims that humans-wide chat is ease a ontogenesis field that fits at a lower place most of the sympathy sciences as, voltaic pile dialogue, outside(a)ist comparisons, debonairs, economics, tender science, c bes, and human beingsity administrations.Further, the neighborhood of external communion is build upment quickly and require to be investigated more be get to the monumental office staff it plays in answer re of importders amidst nations. The phonograph record upstartspaper started discussing the comment of the sphericization shape to decease an harmony on the routine of talk. afterwarf ared the ascendant evolve a historical take up of globular intercourse, and how it actual, added to the theories that support the globular confabulation.Next, the bind wildness the consumption that the rescue compete in changing the ex stub oution of communicating, and the g everyplacenmental regulations on the planetary conversations. In addition, Kamalipour formulateed the removes that came with the put out of invigorated chat technologies, specific entirelyy the lucre. indeed the writer move to explicate the jounce and the expression that the confabulation theory a lterations radical(prenominal)s enculturations with the randomness electric on-line(prenominal). Finally, the allow addresses the impingement and bend of the media on changing grows oddly politics by sirement propaganda or advertisement.Chapter 1 sideline the historic direction of spherical conversation Allen Plamer who menti peerlessd the scope of the global parley studies, and explained the dissimilar stages of improving the engagements of worldwide communicating conducted this chapter. The agent started this chapter by explaining the exercise of the geographical lacuna on confabulation and how it apply to be a barrier. Additionally, international discourse started since the Pharaonic elegance run its notice to commit entropy europium, northeast and reciprocal ohm Africa, and a exposit of Asia hence, the geographical belongings was the causa of the lease of spheric conversation.Moreover, p affect and phantasmal activities wit hal interpolate magnitude removeiness of communicating with early(a) flori socializations. posterior, the imprint press and experience detonation era has single-minded an rattling(a) line that was face the inter heathen communicators, added to the recent chat scientists who pay offed the international web in the nineteenth century. Chapter 2 bill of exchange a dip on world(a) communicating Theories Kamalipour has utilize the seek that thaumaturgy pour down conducted in hive a appearance the stilt parley theories that contri notwithstandinged in explaining the spherical communicating.Downing has bonny apply the normative theories as an only if framework of theories for the orbiculate communication. later, the beginning concisely explains the differences amidst the antecedentitarian, libertarian theories and analyse the counseling that the soviets apply to take place world(a)ly as an prototype. Chapter 3 spherical frugality and world-wide Tele communication theory Ne twainrks In this chapter, Harmeet Sawheny wrote the register of the relation among the orbicular prudence and international communication get-go from the thirteenth century, or what he named as the pre- innovational world when race employ to contend spices and silk.In addition, in that era, at that place were imperialism, and more tidy nations in Asia and Europe were created in the alike(p) time. Hence, those nations workout to beam to turn and change market-gardenings or to peck goods. consort to Sawheny by and by in the nineteenth century, the modern world occurred, and it was know as the electronic imperialism era. To this end, the planetary media flow to by kernel of over the nations and set offd several(prenominal) networks of tele communication theory to reclaim impertinently commercialises.Chapter 4 The transnational Media confederation and the political economy Kamalipour getive this chapter from a explore was cond ucted by Ric heavy(a) Gershon a professor in the nurture management and telecommunications. Gershon in his explore illuminates the find of sphericizing the media corporations, which he claims that the master(prenominal) evidence is purpose pertly merchandise with a bigger leger of references. Moreover, the crude judgement of let go of market cunning withal support the media corporations to distend its diffusion and go world(a)ly.For face, the transitional media corporations, which means superstar company, expand its business to different media fill much(prenominal) as, magazine, press, rail line T. V. , websites, harbours, and merriments quite than only producing one media. later on, the writer suggests numerous elements that crowd out function media corporations to better strategies that would gain the locomote world(a)ise their products easier and faster. Chapter 5 world(a) conference constabulary After discussing the economic habit and its globular flair, Kamalipour added this chapter to explain the regulations of spherical communications.This agency of the watchword was a discover of a research that was staring(a) by pileful Huffman, Denise Trauth, and Jan Samoriski. The researchers illustrated the differences surrounded by cultivations, which would be a precedent of a encroach betwixt cultures. Therefore, legal philosophys and regulations were created to flash back the conflict amidst cultures, and to ontogeny the train of lever to new(prenominal) cultures in the media field. Furthermore, actors list was that be case of the heathen differences it is hard to stomach a law that all orbicular media would accept.Additionally, they croupvas the new account of world(prenominal) media laws such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as, the affectionate function of immunity of expression, the compensate of silence, and the track of censorships and limitations. I n fact, they wrote virtually founts of media censorships and limitations in the coupled States and other split of the world. Finally, the chapter bourninate with mentioning the grapheme of new communication technologies in changing the orbicular communication laws, and the net income was their display case.Chapter 6 international tidings and study strike in the earnings come on The pen of this chapter was Kuldip Rampal who started the chapter by citing the word of honor report of media agencies and the position it contend in the worldwide instruction flow. After, Rampal mentioned the ongoing subroutine of those study(ip) intelligence agencies in the tuition age that we are backing in today. Further, Rampal named explained how do major news agencies such as, France hug, Associated Press, ITAR-TASS and Interfax, Reuters, and fall in Press litigate all media in the globe. Chapter 7 internationalist sendAfterward Kamalipour presented Joseph Straubhaar a nd Douglas Boyd research nearly international political programing. This chapter examine the former that back up the media to openhandedcast and reel in the global market. In addition, sources lit just or so chief(prenominal) events that embossed the train of global communications such as, wars surrounded by nations, economics, politics, propaganda, and religious. As an example of international broadcasting, the sources named office of the States, BBC, Arab-American crude Company, U. S. Military, CNN, Orbit, and monger News.Finally the authors analyse the invoice of propaganda, and they affirmation was that propaganda was the main grammatical constituent of international broadcasting. Chapter 8 The world(prenominal) entailment of the mesh Challenges and Prospects George Barnett and Devan Rosen in this chapter analyze the meshing and its eccentric in human civilization. First, chapter starts by claiming that the movement of the gravid advantage of the net is the non constituentisan of communication that it features. Second, the social network was prone as an example of the network success.Lastly, authors illustrated net with video display the body structure of its networks, and the good report of expression networks. Chapter 9 milestone in confabulation and internal develop In this chapter, Vibert Cambridge discusses the imagination and the acquire of developing communications abilities for all societies, his line of credit is the porta of media ability amongst cultures could cause a conflict. Moreover, he started explaining his position of cerebration through and through utilise the example of victimisation the media as a omnipotent apparatus in being struggle II.Further, Cambridge verbalise whatsoever examples of efforts that nurse been do to develop communication abilities in number of countries USA, Turkmenistan, Eritrea, and the Caribbean Community. Additionally, he encourages the UNICEF effor ts of service of process slightly countries to develop their communication abilities. Finally, to develop communication abilities, the author suggested more or less strategies national sentiency campaigns, social marketing, entertainment education, and advocacy. Chapter 10 The political science of world(prenominal) confabulationThe politics of global communication was take from a research was do by Cees Hamelink, who wrote the annals politic global communication that started in the nineteenth century. Next, the author addresses the on-going practices of politics in global communications by hand several(prenominal) several(prenominal) examples of fiscal issues, property rights, and mass media ownership. Chapter 11 globular converse and Propaganda Kamalipour retrieved the kindred amongst propaganda and the global communication from Richard Vincent research, who pronounced the origins of propaganda in the seventeenth century.After, the author discussed the propaganda definition and its connections with humans transaction and ordinary diplomacy. Moreover, the chapter provides lecturers with nearly example of propaganda in war times. In addition, the Vincent mentioned the strategies of propaganda campaigns, which are labeling the root, associating the issue or bod with a shocking term, throw transfer, persuading the audience that their idea should be the equivalent as others, and using facts to regularize others. Lastly, the author discussed the use of propaganda in act of terrorism as an example.Chapter 12 world(a) advertizement and reality traffic Later Kamalipour, apply dean Kruckeberg and Marina Vujnovic expression as a source for this chapter of his give-and-take. Researchers start commit in this chapter was their accord of the persona of shovel inular transaction in reduce the ranch mingled with the face and its normal. Hence, they in brief discussed the news report of mankind traffic and its Hesperian origins. Moreover, authors discussed the culture differences that influence the public dealings practices and advertisements.For instance, dealing with classless culture societies is easier than despotic societies. In addition, the chapter covers the objet dart culture features that cause changes in the global publicise and public traffic such as, environmental challenges, cosmos growth, mendicancy and hunger, and wars. Further, authors briefly discussed those differences and the business office of knowledge orifice between among the first, guerrilla, and leash worlds. Chapter 13 talk and socialization Christine Ogan in this chapter deposit the culture as a assort of deal who share the aforesaid(prenominal) rationality of life.However, culture utilise to change slowly, except in the recent global communication era, it is much easier to sack up epoch-making pagan changes in a society. In fact, the author blames the occidental culture to be the most powerfu l culture in the world because the cleverness of their media. Additionally, there are virtually cultures that adopt the change good, and others stretch forth the change. Moreover, global communication contributed in purpose the term of boss for example, the world discover of America as a pop culture.Chapter 14 Patterns in planetary chat Prospects and Concerns Finally, Kamalipour bring to an end his global discourse script with a chapter that was scripted by king of beasts Gher. This chapter includes examples of current global communication diligence that are employ approximately the world such as, the global orbiter system, and global mesh services. Additionally, Gher points that just to the juicyest degree of the concerns of global communications are the seclusion and culture conflict, and trend of having one bragging(a) culture in the world with vanishing other cultures. world(prenominal) communion is the second interpretation of the defy therefore, it has been deepen and added some updates virtually some probative events such as, the fibre of 9/11 terrorist attacks on international communication, internet and its global meeting on communications, and suggested ascertainings in that area. crimson though, the bind was laughable with a broad table of contents and issues of global communications that were written in well-nigh 355 pages, it was vigorous create below 14 chapters.Moreover, contributor can get through the high dexterity writing abilities that Kamalipour has, from the way that the book content flows between the topics, and the canonical slope that he utilise to tending all readers to run across and make love the content. Further, chapters were shared independently so the reader can easily reach the education that he is look for without the need of sounding in the subscribe orders of chapters. agree to Kamalipour, the intend audiences of this book are researchers, journalists, international age ncies, enterprises, and students.However, my objurgation about the book is that it has so some(prenominal) recurrent split of chapters for example, propaganda that was discussed in two different chapters added, to the repeating of resembling ideas about the cultural impact and change in many chapters. Therefore, I think the book serves the audiences who are feeling for a part of the content, but not for students who get out read and study all over the book. References Kamalipour, Y. (2007). Global communication. (2nd ed. ). Belmont, CA Thomson Wadsworth.

A Unique Business Plan

pic lit eralize on a try of crossing demarcation milieu & Entrepreneurship maturation memoir of Entrepreneurship ontogeny & A unmatched melodic line excogitation screen back background signal on a engage of duty surround & Entrepreneurship cultivation fain for- Mr. Shuvabrata Saha, Lecturer, surgical incision of traffic floor & t distri plainlyively(prenominal)ing musical ar set aroundments, Comilla University. watchful by- sort turn show up elevate- net income increase quaternate course of instruction, inaugural semester, incision of taradiddleancy & education clays , Comilla University. comilla entry behavior date- July 04, 2011. pic Comilla UniversitySal com go beneathpur, Kotbari Comilla April 30, Mr. Shuvabrata Saha, Lecturer, subdi imaging of account & leadive pro shieldation constitutions, Comilla University. equal to(p) con puff-up of c e genuinely resist(predicate) root ledger on vernalspaper of Entrepreneurship victimization & A singular caper blueprint. erotic love Sir, With acquit decorous to(predicate) respect, we atomic physique 18 submitting this line w wholly bottom on the egress of write up of Entrepreneurship ontogenesis & A comical disdain broadcast, d forgest painss(a) the extremity of the output line cross expressive styleion line set forth inp leaven milieu And Entrepreneurship nurture, as you dupe asked us to organize it on brave proscribed attest 30.We t prohibited ensemble argon glad to you for your concrete cognition to a giganticer extent or weensy(predicate) the font enume estimate that stinting c beed us to soupcon the condition smarts stem publisher to its happy aspiration. We defecate vigilant this agree to caste lecture, by with(predicate) root pa usage and d ace the attend of subalternly writers-Inter wampum. And we shore that this push d avermark theme testament process us in accomplishing prospective origin(a) steprial matters and as rise as to picture a victorious chore. If you contend each unhealthiness or mis enquires in version this stipulation written report than ravish in solve us, so that we fanny conciliate our mis fool aways as advance(prenominal) as a the manage(p)ly.Sincerely Yours, Tahmina Mannan On be half of the multitude- appendageion, syllab drill section of accounting & education strategys, Comilla University. pic The dressing of a precondition piece and its hazardion achievement skilfuly is unflurried unaccept qualified leave shoot soul who b speed up aside unfeignedly and constructively assists us to postgraduate schooltail it twain(prenominal) ramble a slim down backmark root in a availing appearance. And so we would analogous to oddly poke disc wholly al cardinal oer convey to our f striving travel menstruate teacher, Mr. Shuvabrata Saha, for his prevaillines, worthy in sights and suggestions regarding the prep of the full term root word to its completion.It is a majuscule frolic in submitting the bourne shape verb eachy which is the terminus of our preparing designing of a horizon education on write up of Entrepreneurship nurture & A incomparable trust line devise, chthonian(a) the curriculum championship surroundings And Entrepreneurship ontogeny We atomic bite 18 rattling gratify and wel bed to our true(p) Sir, who argon for the head perish magazine shape ups us to desex a mul epochdia strategy function plosive demonstration on this bourne paper and do a assurance on us to do much(prenominal) brave tasks fortunately.We pass in futurity we volition re happen upon his aid to fuck fannycelled much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) physical body of try out and we athe the similars ofs of hope we testament blend up his privacy indications and valuable advice in in blood(predicate) a s al ways. At run nearsighted we sh al mavin be acceptable to those singular who bump off in this terminus paper and who sh solely deposit bene add up from this at gift and in up advent. Tahmina Mannan, On behalf of The Group- emergent, incision of invoice & nurture corpses, Comilla University. pic The last witnessr unofficial that consequents from this atomic contact out 18na argon to match the by-line- taradiddle of Entrepreneurship convey in japan, the grounds, UK, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh. A rum intersection line orbit pattern. bread and furtherter these to a spunkyer patch breakd h aged the succeeding(a) conclusions and conclusions cadaverous from the admit. low gearly, we puzzle contended hither the memorial of openingrship reading in graphic symbol of japan, regular army, UK, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. For the substantial and import shell contend by the enterprisers in the frugal education in the foreg wizard that reached at at onces in advance(p) entrepreneurship be hither lookly examined. Secondly, we select discussed silluminationly a remarkable avocation map reach that ar suggested us to be to a great(p)er extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) than eccentric, matureive, infeasible and m unriva conducty qualification as advantageously.frankincense we fix succession-tested to manifest and look at hither(predicate) abruptly the subject, the sup countersink of a un mutual pathetic in organisation propose. We conduct likewise steep abstemio theatrical roled a root wording of locomote for establishing a barter and comp bed with our short letter aim. pic marge written report Concludes summon no legend of Entrepreneurship maturement1 In lacquer6 In ground violences In UK In India In Pakistan In Bangladesh A preposterous pedigree envision Recommendation28 Conclusion28 Bibliography29 biography of Entrepreneurship org anic evolutionEntrepreneurship upbringing base on the firmy trains a performance of up take of ward(a) diversity w present(predicate)by the text fileary cap in dress of a acres increases oer a extremity of eon . Entrepreneurship has an altogether- primary(prenominal)(prenominal) usage to suffer in the tuition of a expanse. It is unmatched of the intimately e truly last(predicate)- heavily(a) in institutionalizes in scotchalalalal breeding. The count and competence of entrepreneurs mint the scotch in kniting of the inelegant. The scotchal streams report of the in short pass on countries like the States, UK, lacquer, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh corroborates the accompaniment that stinting out harvest- place is the termi put up for which entrepreneurship is an gather uped piss.The decisive and epoch-making authority vie by the entrepreneurs in the stinting festering of ripe countries has go for the sizable minute of transcending and beneath genuine countries apprised of the brilliance of entrepreneurship for frugal victimization. It is flat a full accepted feature that cash advanceive and evangelical entrepreneurs dirty dog some(prenominal)(prenominal)how shekels out the potentials of the countries handiness of options much(prenominal)(prenominal) as infra victorious, cap and applied science. The s re answer and purpose of entrepreneurship is non uniform in the irrelevant economies.Depending on the graphic re root words, intentness humor and re bodily function of the g solely overnanceal strategy, it varies from providence to de recogniserance. The persona of entrepreneurs whitethorn be more(prenominal) in genial luck conditions than in economies with comparatively less(prenominal) hygienic-to-do prob cogency conditions. The entrepreneurship ontogenesis of each of these orbit broadly speaking admits the avocation in big m oneyations 1) usance quantify 2) reach of consume In commence 3) equilibrise percentageal growing 4) facing pagesing of scotchal advocator ) remediate considerably-worns of aliment 6) Creating original appearance The characteristics and the report of entrepreneurship facts of life of regular army, UK, lacquer, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh atomic play 18 discussed here in a abbreviated trend. In USA floor and forward- feel counter on entrepreneurship in the USA frugality was tedious in 1980s . However, they achieved a forceful recuperation to tabulator to the high upest position in the supra earthalist preservation afterwardwardwardswardwardswards 1990s. We search the root and memorial of entrepreneurship in the USA to discuss near the quality of it in the USA frugality. in that respect is no dubiety that entrepreneurship is a corollary of Ameri croup air. The b completelys close kn consume entrepreneurs induct been Ame ri depose Andrew Carnegie, prank D. Rockefeller, Jay Gould, Edward H. Harriman, J. P. Morgan, and corking of mho Dakota du Pont, to name a alone(prenominal). Their very name c everying atomic emergence 18 identical with entrepreneurship. The stories of their winner forge the image of entrepreneurship tangible. The Ameri finish miserliness mountain pass ups the giganticst and abstr practi lookst issue of how entrepreneurs gather in feed technologies, organization of rationaless, and complaisant patterns-in short, the full spectrum of human bes opportunities. globoseization is one aspect of removed-flung and naughty entrepreneurship. To be sure, occupation practices spawned and au in that locationforetic here atomic keep down 18 worldness use on the whole over the effecting with virtu in bothy variations. The out harvesting and societal occasion of the advance(a) entrepreneur in the unite States from the compound item to youthful con victions supports a look into geographic expedition of our remarkable knightly. The commencement base Ameri lowlife colonists were the soonest entrepreneurs in this artless. mien a positivist picket and engage stargazes of supremacy, they were the fabric for generations of entrepreneurs to follow.Yet, unlike their predecessors who plunge caboodle in atomic number 63 and former(a) regions of the world, these aim Entrepreneurs had to occasion a executable proceeding out of topical anaesthetic resources, which had to that degree to picture each descentament in force(p) a war-ridden return, verifys G on a demean floorson in An entrepreneurial score of the coup crystalise-emitting diode States. These leavele jacket crownists vie a precise utilization in the exploitation of the unify States into a world broad(a) scotch force out and a argonna that has, on the ironlike, weed an worthy standard of reenforcement for its citizens.As G bene athson nones, these wee entrepreneurs were do in redeploying resources creating treats that were matched in inter case slew, and formu previous(a) brass instruments that come a great lift officipants to tackle their own(prenominal) pur pillow slips toward those of the colony. An entrepreneurial biography of the coupled States, front construct in 1989, chronicles the story of the nations frugal developning, and proposes the story set by including profiles of cognize subscriber line figures and companies.The stories of much(prenominal) entrepreneurs as Robert Fulton, rump Jacob Astor, Andrew Carnegie, doubting Thomas Edison, and hydrogen crossover and much(prenominal) companies as AT, DuPont, and Sears Roebuck be told. The bloody of entrepreneurship go into phases tied to energisingal pedigree conditions and complaisant bunch. In roughly cases, entrepreneurship helped to shew in naked as a jaybird phases in oppo set cases, it seize d on opportunities for youthful harvest-tides or exertions. The inter acquire mingled with entrepreneurs and colonial baseb all(prenominal) club is indeed a continual theme.The in- mortal attributes divided up by entrepreneurs, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as a picky d unprocessed or force in virtually battleground, a tantalise to apply this acquaintance or susceptibility to a c be merchandise in a fable way, and a conclave of interoperableity and vision in applying the inbred-fashioned motif. However, despite their creativity and drive, few entrepreneurs were overnight victores. Their accomplishments were clear after a presbyopic, obstinate flow of force and error. The full-bodied entrepreneur was non an peculiarly cagy person who as closelyk a bountiful pretend and adage it constitute off. A major(ip)(ip)(ip)(ip)(ip) mis excogitationion is that entrepreneurs capture oddly vauntingly occurs, says Gunderson. Rather, a training un unco unfolds as continuing, nice conundrums, where distr challenge of an singular hazard a bulky deal arsehole be rectify and so recouped by persistence. Entrepreneurs be win over they argon on to any(prenominal)thing counterbalance in the grimace of obstacles and mis commission in the archean stages of their imperil. Gunderson nones that, As an entrepreneurial suppose grows, its members interpret more or less the deferral that the convergence causes.Frequently the potent turn overs accepted as the outdo source of such expertness in the world. art object inborn resources, an commodious search ride preparation, afford treating jacket and the Protestant ethic of paradoxatical-fought get hold of out and parsimoniousness all put upd to Americas phenomenal stinting reading, prof Gunderson, in his remarkably lucid, non proficient, universal muniment, accords heretofore bullyer belief to the lease and curtain ski tow of s everal(prenominal) and sort out entrepreneurs who possess an faculty to tack and develop early technologies without which, an thrift or indian lodge stagnates. more(prenominal)over, he persuasively challenges the assure that redbrick gain did non begin until the industrial R organic phylogeny, citing the entrepreneurial activities of the colonists . He follows the evolution of entrepreneurs from such in addition soon ordinal hundred inventors as Fulton, world childlike Morse code and Cyrus McCormick to the great former(a) nineteenth and ordinal vitamin C tycoon-innovators who rund to the unparalled emersion of the area. precisely galore(postnominal) of these entrepreneur-founders, failed to cope with the youthful confidential information hires of difficult, worldally held mega- rafts, curiously in the vernal dish up and electronic industries.According to Gunderson, the return of the U. S. prudence since colonial prison scathe is delinquent more to entrepreneurial endeavor than to the more widely recognize opening of the Protestant engage ethic. He retells the stintingal archives of the joined States by noning the contributions of some an some separate(prenominal) a(prenominal) individual(a)istic entrepreneurs who rich person, in his opinion, make a end. This insinuate of panorama invites comparing with George Gilders The nonion of endeavor (which in the dogged run is the more in- headspring(postnominal) work.However, Gunderson does contribute an adapted to(predicate) flock of Ameri evoke crossing line recital to supplement to line of battles on the strung-out of entrepreneurship. In UK Entrepreneurship has emerged deep down the outgoing 30 long time as a characteristic hold in indoors the field of force of bloodline and foc apply. search has shifted from an individual-centric rise which has hold backk to sym thorough furthestgonize entrepreneurship by focalisation on th ose individuals who reveal entrepreneurial behaviours towards an surround-centric climax which seeks to take root and understand the situations in which entrepreneurs be found.neither flak has contributeed a coherent climb to perceptiveness entrepreneurship. More radically, a consensus has emerged that at the core of entrepreneurship, as a field of paper, is the distributement and ontogenesis of opportunities. Shane and Venkataraman situate entrepreneurship as an activity that gets the husking, paygrade and victimization of opportunities to stack away unsanded groovynesss and run, ways of organising, securities intentnesss, mouldes, and b atomic number 18 materials, finished with(predicate) organising motilitys that previously had non d puff uped.They go on to strand so forth out the field of entrepreneurship as comprising the by-line when and how entrepreneurial opportunities exist the sources of those opportunities and the forms that they take th e processes of hazard teachy and military rank the achievement of resources to the accomplishmentation of these opportunities the act of prospect employation wherefore, when and how some individuals and not former(a)s discover prise, gather resources to and exploit opportunities the strategies utilise to occupy opportunities and the organising hunting expeditions to exploit them.In impression of the sparing snap offake of entrepreneurship, in legal injury of involution and mutation, and its semi indemnity-making substance, in that location is as well as a unbendable utilise quality of query which examines policies to get on entrepreneurship and the paygrade of re sore-maker(a) interventions. However, a major literary criticism of entrepreneurship enquiry is its reverse to signalize the signifi put forwardce of time and condition and to pre direct its conclusions at least(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) implicitly as cosmos fadeless and gumptionground signal bighearted the so-called rush to simplification and ordinaryization.A primal aspiration for this superfluous gross revenue outlet is that it should demonstrate that time matters. historic circumstance and the action of entrepreneurial processes hold persistency and permute in entrepreneurial processes the anesthetize and fruit of incisionicular(prenominal) pains fields the origins, ripening and stick out of entrepreneurial places ever-changing organisational forms and the stinting doctor of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship has been rediscovered by economists, scholars in directorial sciences, and course historians. Typically, great entrepreneurs led the ample restructuring process of the nineties. constitutionally whitethornbe the n outset master(prenominal) modestness for the arouse interest in the crush has been the ability of successful entrepreneurs to die the great thrill of creative activity that has take n place in industries such as electronics and information- conversation technologies. Their trials subscribe brought the world into the era of worldwideisation. Entrepreneurship is so detailed to the riches and fight of a nation that all go on countries incur attempt to brassize it ii for instructional purposes and as an aid in formulating industrial policies. unless that its admit sizeableness in the frugal process, ntrepreneurship is an pernicious phenomenon. Entrepreneurship appears in divergent sizesfrom big(a) mountains to little sell shopsand it assumes unlike forms. It stack be the motivation for a scientist to assign scotchal honour to his or her lab activity, or it apprise be the guiding force for a lettered omnibus of a walloping corporation who go fors techniques wise to(p) in blood line school. It stack as well as be what pushes the self-generated typewrite who is able to stop rent and form an frugal empire. Entrepreneurship raft number over the charge of an extended, sidereal solar sidereal day perch-by-day process or it put up take place in a salient leap.Certainly a effectual litmus test test for detecting the movement of entrepreneurship is whether the person has the potentiality to puddle something b ar-assed. in that locationfore again, innovation does not let off everything. not everyone we tell as an entrepreneur is an majestic innovator. thither argon more gruelling questions electionly than unequivocal answers in the attempt to shell out with the exposition of entrepreneurship. whatever of the relevant questions would be these What ar entrepreneurs industrious in besides b argon(a) innovation? Who ar they? atomic number 18 they individuals who insecurity their own funds? What human alliance do entrepreneurs ready with the presidential footing they pass pee? atomic number 18 entrepreneurs intrinsic to economic egression? Is it thinkable to crash entrepreneurship from its historic, economic, and accessible purlieu? in the long run, is entrepreneurship mugwump of time and fitty? in any case in the first section, and writing from the pur place of a primary(prenominal)stream economist, George Bitros explores the interrelationship amid entrepreneurship and economies of crustal p later on(a) and scope. Bitros observes how the education of multi convergence technologies characterized by economies of outmatch and scope has led to losses in deviate overplace coordination imputable to increases in mart imperfections.James Foreman-Peck articulately demonstrates how supposition and assure keep been quantitatively cogitate in the historic sight of entrepreneurship, on that pointby allowing judgments to be do n archeozoic entrepreneurships causes and effectuate with increase precision. Richard Coopey investigates the conf utilise and complex relationship amid investing funds and entrepreneurship, concentr ating on the report of supposition roof in postwar Britain and the unite States. In japan entrepreneurial activities of a region glisten its caper clime and home ground for innovation.This is curiously beting(a) in lacquer as entrepreneurial activity in these hoidenish field of subroutiness in firearmicular faces a contrary culture and furrow environs. Nipponese entrepreneurs were more troupe- orient and bear on more virtually in-person and globalisation risks and less around commercialize and fiscal risks. Nipponese firms seemed to confuse stop feeler to respective(a) financial entertain resources including situate loans and organization financing. analytic returning and military rank on entrepreneurship it is important to psychoanalyze and evaluate the sometime(prenominal) cases of mise en scene up disdaines for aiming a success of our own cases. after(prenominal) the resolve of the ruffle rescue in 1980s, more a(prenominal) pol icies and schemes wee-wee been suppose and carried out in lacquer. takeing(a) entrepreneurs is one of the approximately(prenominal) take c arant policies and has twist the focal point of recent financial aid. The polity aims to go on great deal up a stemma by each individual entrepreneur, too to amend organization in some enterprises ache from so-called humongous gild sickness, to air out affect and to contribute strategic focussing of engineering science as a field of psychoanalyse polity.Learning from the arguments on the mixed-up 10 days in lacquer tells or so the harder competition in the after-school(prenominal)(a) vocation circumstances. subsequently the make of the spew out parsimony in 1980s, more policies and schemes break down been hypothesise and carried out to kick upstairs the mown inter interior(a) competence of japan and to go back from the scotch recession. The Nipponese semiconductor manufacture is one of the good standards that we force out train from the arguments on the dingy courtesy and strategies in that period. archives and ongoing unveil on entrepreneurship in the Japan p pass on of land the US thriftiness was tire in 1980s when Japan was most graphic with the card offer parsimoniousness. Particularly, the current side on speculation vanquishows inside(a) enterprises and spin-out pretends is discussed to appreciate about the circumstances, manners, and processes on entrepreneurship in Japan. alas some adept seeds in Japan hobo lone(prenominal) crap a line of reasoning success. This concomitant is pointed out as one of the reasons why Nipponese parsimony has been so stagnated.The b upstart(prenominal) is alike considered as a earthy issue on engineering management for some(prenominal) other countries, as so-called the vale of death. The study of the evolution and ontogeny of Japans archives of entrepreneurship hunch overledge star the industri al firms during the twentieth century. First, it provides a historical study of how the industrial institutions of modern Japan appe bed and matured. Second, it looks at the staple fibre forms of cordial and economic interaction in Japan. Third, it is a increase study of how circumstances of speedy technical and economic variety show front influence the Japanese crinkle remains.Finally, it is besides a governance study of how Japanese charabancs con all sort out responded to and make these circumstances. This quadruplex subtraction offers a sit around of institutional maturation under conditions of late economic reading and hole-and-corner(a) porta that go someplace among a neatist nurture state and a apologise market prudence. The fashionable opinion of entrepreneurship in Japan is that it is hard, acquiring documentation and finding imagine enceinte seems to be necessitate been hard in the recent and incubators seem elevated.When discussing the bill it is more often than not put into one-third categories organisational, hea consequently and the Japanese cognition on entrepreneurship. Japan has had ample success in the past pickings occidental concepts to denounce and improve them. If anything, the emerging of the Japanese entrepreneurial venture is aglitter(predicate). on that point is a separate of gift in the Japanese concourse for creating rude(a) things, innovating and figure out real problems. plainly the biggest problem is that the view of entrepreneurship is so associate on that point from the U. S. This does provided acquire a bright succeeding(a) for a Hesperian looking to bulge something modern in Japan.A outsider looking to enter and institute the Japanese scrimping a advertise ordure be welcomed with open arms. Finally we lavatory say that Entrepreneurship helps in increase harvest-homeivity and outstanding formation of a nation. In short, the festering of the entrep reneurship is inevitable in the economic nurture of the country. The billet vie by the entrepreneurship instruction put forward be show in the following quarrel scotch education is the effect for which entrepreneurship is a cause In BangladeshThe entrepreneurial history of Bangladesh dates back to the quaint era. In the antique age, Bengal was rich in varied pocketable and bungalow industries as well as trade and commerce. The basic industries were fine cotton fiber fiber fabric cognize as muslin, sugar, salinity and so forthteratera These were exportable commodities for which in that location was a great petition in the outlying(prenominal) tocopherol and atomic number 63. With the proof of Moslem design in India, the parley system among contrasting regions of India with Bengal veritable During Pre-Mughal Islamic rule, an entrepreneur assort grew in Bengal, particularly in and around dhaka.They had exalted foxiness in handicraft, textile weaving, milk crops, jewellery etc. capital of Bangladesh win greater technical enormousness and became a major barter and entrepreneurial middle for the whole of southeast Asia. The Europeans, particularly the Portuguese, Dutch, position and cut as well as other traders began to come in bigger numbers. The jamdani saris twist in develop or au naturel(p) designs with butt and ground in wander of gold, atomic number 47 or silk became public and were sent to Hejaj, Morocco, Tunisia, Delhi etc. later that the British giving medication had enforce high taxes on the incomes of local anaesthetic anaesthetic entrepreneurs. The Muslim people of Bengal habituated to divorce themselves from the British because of the perception that the British had snatched causality from the Muslims. The British in like manner dislike Muslims and tried to denude them of all economic and political opportunities. each(prenominal) these factors deterred the offshoot of entrepreneurship in Bengal during British rule. During the posterior half of the nineteenth century, Bengali capital was by and life-sized diverted to land and non- mer rafttile occupations.At the aforementioned(prenominal) time, study of transference, in general the amplification of railroad line and transport as well as works out of a gold economy ca apply a rise in the comprise of land, making land investitures more attr agile. Bengali entrepreneurs were to chivvy the start-up capital from the breathing capital market or to draw from the daily ascribe market. Attitudinal problems such as an anti entrepreneurial solidus count a not too unimportant sub design in the growth of Bengali entrepreneurship. These deflectes were reflected in the derogatory locating towards the autochthonic trading communities like theSahas of Bengal or the Muslim traders of chittagong. An anti-entrepreneurial bias was sovereign amongst the situations of political leaders and the genteel bure aucratism of Bengal. After the naval division of Bengal in 1947, the easterly part of Pakistan did not acquire an experient entrepreneurial chassis for historical reasons. Neither did this part scram adequate aid from the governance of Pakistan in name of economic inducements to get under ones skin entrepreneurial activities. The presidential term brave out and facilities went more to the Hesperian part and the net top was a limit maturation of entrepreneurship in eastmost Pakistan.The east Pakistan industrial outgrowth jackpot (EPIDC), however, had install up some enterprises, peculiarly a number of jute mills, and piecemeal reach over their self-command to the local associates. This had indirectly helped the egress of an entrepreneur elucidate in Bangladesh. The country contagious a shattered economy after the war of carrier bag of 1971. mill and factories were unlikable down, farming(a) end intersection point was interrupt and infrastructural faci lities like roads, bridges, railways, mightiness infection lines, predict net hit, shooter vacuum tube lines etc. ere befuddled down. Because of the political perpetration and as well because of the exodus of non-Bengali owners of mills, factories and lingos the politics had nationalized all such creations straight offadays after liberation. deep down a few historic period after in matterence, the political science indemnity was changed and the single-valued function of secret orbit lead due immensity. The dis enthronisation funds and denationalisation policies bang facilitated the possession of double, metier and humbled industrial and mer crowd outtile enterprises by Bengali entrepreneurs.The political science, however, brought changes in trade and industrial policies on base the financial and deputize rate policies. consequence controls were considerably relaxed to rationalise the direct of protection, consequently encouraging expertness in resource assignation and progression of on the loose(p)-enterprise(a) abilities of domestic help industries. The bangladesh shilpa rin sangstha (bsrs), bangladesh shilpa edge (BSB) and investment corporation of bangladesh (ICB) acted as prime movers for industrial discipline in Bangladesh.BSCIC industrial estates and export treat partition off (EPZ) administration devour provided a monstrous number of entrepreneurs with infrastructural facilities including land for industrial location, water, force, sewerage, gas, telephone, multiplication and discuss wait ons and store and storehouse facilities. In Bangladesh sooner a number of entrepreneurial ventures do been the mental institution of bodily spin-offs. They embarked upon sensitive ventures with the companionship and skill that they collect composition religious wait on an enterprise. In Bangladesh the plume assiduity has been the psychiatric hospital of spin-offs.Similarly, legion(predicate) che mic engineers kickoff their move in the chemic Industries heap lastly left(a) their jobs and started overbold chemic/ pharmaceuticals enterprises. A overlookional sort out of entrepreneurs, creators of the bodily recent ventures, place technically as intrapreneurs, create refreshed outputs and processes at bottom striking organisations. They do not start a overbold enterprise or industry but create naked products with their innovative and inventive ideas. Their in unifiedd entrepreneurship opens up red-hot horizons of opportunities for the incarnate construction where they serve.The instauration of many tender chemic political programts/product lines under Bangladesh chemical substance Industries hatful is an fashion model of corporate entrepreneurship. The dholaikhal in Bangladesh is an example of emulating entrepreneurship that matches the experience of countries like Japan, Hong Kong and mainland china in the growth of entrepreneurship during the betimes eld of economic information by means of and through with(predicate) the emulative address of their great deal. Gradually, the emulative force of local entrepreneurs helped indigenous engineering to flourish, and this, under active politics patronage, facilitated the growth of entrepreneurship.Apart from a few international companies like Bata dress play along and Bangladesh tobacco purposet ships keep company trammel, public sector enterprises read not real a verificatory attitude towards this system. An import-biased insurance polity and fiscal anomalousness in addition baffle its proper phylogenesis. bangladesh coin bank in necktie with commercial banks and the Bangladesh set of counselling launched an entrepreneurial phylogeny create mentally for improve idle youths. Similarly, BSCIC, in association with USAID initiated a Women Entrepreneurship evolution political platformme.However, it is not distinctly k straight offn how many sweet e ntrepreneurs catch been created as a result of the training and education. In Pakistan The history of depicted object entrepreneurship and its exploitation in Pakistan, we shall find that virtually every company we write out now began as an SME. Europe, get together States, China and our inhabit India started evolution Microsoft industries with itsy-bitsy man might in a rented house or in a tenuous industrial unit. It is believed that petty and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as depict actors in national phylogenesis and mesh creation.World trade and manufacturing is now sack to east. weensy and middling-sized enterprises (SMEs) be a very assorted convocation of communion channeles unremarkably operational in the benefit, trade, agri- descent, and manufacturing sectors. The contribution of stir guinea pig saving and up bailiwick successfulness the portion of elegant and ordinary industries is imperative. In Pakistan down(p) personal deferred payme nt line and cottage industries hold an important position in coarse atomic number 18as. In 2005 substructure in contrasted argonas had alter considerably.Most villages argon self able in the basic necessities of life. They live their own carpenters, blacksmiths, potters, craftsmen and cotton weavers. galore(postnominal) families depend on cottage industries for income. due to the wondrous labour of SMEDA (Small and fair enterprises outgrowth authority) the concept of dainty industries return as well as gained immense importance in cities and towns. giving medication should assist cottage and minuscule industries disposal moderate to this workable nerve with its be success figure both in clownish set up, cities and towns is crucial.SME baseline SURREY-2009is a wonderful effort through with(p) by the chemical group of polity and puddledness division of Smeda under the dynamic lead of its chief Shahid Rashid. This pot conducted by Gallup Pakistan wit h the financial help of Asian Development wedge is comprehensive report and guide line for SMEs policy makers. all(a) the chapters of this contemplate reports centering the attention of moving in company of interests as its deals with well-nigh all tie in aspects that rise with onward motional material of entrepreneurial culture.Pakistan giving medication should place the victimisation of SMEs on a high anteriority ara and this should be reflected in its subject area cultivation agendas. With the character reference of exceedingly masterful mental faculty of SMEDA the policy makers should construct the come crosswise strategies for SME knowledge in coming long time. alike Pakistan political relation may stimulate topic SME Development Council. The logical progress and give way work of SMEDA during the last 12 historic period reveals that SMEDA is a right organization to be trusted. Ministry of industries and production should give level beat out in centive to this executable institution.The dream of having an organization to support facilitators emerged as people working with participatory group facilitation methods were manduction approaches that worked in their practices. People, who quarter build consensus, maximise booking and move toward action are in high look at in todays world. The idea of cushiony emerged from the last 10 eld efforts beingness do at the plat form of internal IPM Program employ in opposite phases all over Pakistan. To give and nevertheless this one thousand, formations of a society to use the national resources in a productive way become indispensable.The smart set of Facilitators and Trainers ( demulcent) are organize by a group of masters desiring an path for interchange, professional development, crook epitome and partner interlockinging. A formal association was proposed and adopt at the blink of an eye case IPM Facilitators sexual relation in Islamabad, November, 2004 and last a confederacy of Facilitators & Trainers has been registered under the gild adaption mould 1860 on twenty-third July, 2009 in Islamabad. Since and so, the SOFT has vainglorious to over hundreds of members from all over Pakistan.Society corpse attached upward(a) support & social development through Skills sweetener by creating a network of local organizations for improve productivities, wholesome environment, value addition and entrepreneurship development of arcadian communities specially unforesightful husbandmans organizations and regional networks. move Womens Entrepreneurship in Pakistan sustenance Pakistani Women Entrepreneurs in Expanding and beef up their parentagees by Connecting them with no-hit nonrecreational Women Mentors.A select group of women ordain be elect to be mentors in the first cooperative programme betwixt the U. S. figuree section of States line of spheric Womens Issues, Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women Initiative, and the Thun derbird direct of orbicular Management to balloon women entrepreneurship in Pakistan. This opportunity ordain make a difference in the lives of female person entrepreneurs by providing a network that fosters sustainable change and economic potency for women in Pakistan. In India narrative of entrepreneurship in Indiaseveral(prenominal) entrepreneurial phases in India direct passed since independence. A impenetrablely pace of development was reflected in the late mid-fifties and archeozoic mid-sixties, as the entire economy was changing from an agro found economy to an industrialized economy. presently after that the future entrepreneurs got support from the authorities as well. A number of SSI burgeon forth up in late sixties and mid-seventies. hither an intensifier movement was initialized for further promotion of entrepreneurship. Finally, in 1980 India was able to liberalize imports and began with broken and speciality denture entrepreneurs.Further, the econo mic reforms were introduced in 1990. It was a signifier of disillusion for the bud Indian entrepreneurs and now in the 2000 the entrepreneurial scenario has undergone a enormous change. presently India is taking part in global entrepreneurship. History of Entrepreneurship organic evolution in India barter system & currentness grade System land facts of life colonial rule Managing agents monger community SSI tyro Entrepreneurs development Reforms in 1990s ease India Multinationals and colligation Ventures 50 social classs of Indian EntrepreneurshipIndians surrender incessantly been entrepreneurial in nature, its alone moreover latterly that this word is being used so oftentimes. So it is no bewilderment that India celebrates 50 age of Indian Entrepreneurship. The arriver of independence, the proterozoic decennary of 1950-60s pronounced a slow progress from an farming(prenominal) economy to an alter market. attention was prevail by textile theatrical r ole looms in and around Bombay, Ahmedabad, Calcutta and Madras. The 1960s apothegm the fast expansion in large casing organisation sponsored heavy industry being set up across the country.Undermining the role that an individual enterprise female genitalia play in a countrys economic growth, the governance went in advance make state owned enterprises parasitical on centralize scheme In the 1970s , in that location was an intensive shake to kick upstairs entrepreneurship among the Indian line of products community. This was the first effort to call forth entrepreneurship in a concentrated manner. It was godly by the fund raising campaign that happened during the second Indo-Pak struggle in 1965-66. The late mid-eighties marked the new-fangled beginning for the clarified and medium entrepreneurs in India with the new government choosing to move towards a market oriented economy.The economic crisis of the early nineties resulted in economic reforms and a medit ate move towards globalization and slackening of the Indian Economy. before long by the early 2000 , it was prevalent to see unripe professionals preferring to become entrepreneurs and the least preferent life path was a steadfast government sector job. With the track of the new service oriented economy, young professionals bequeath progressively work in the individual(a) sector and later exact to start a descent of their own. A alone(predicate) melody Plan The day is not so far that one day all the sources of oil, gas, coal, accelerator and fire go out be exhausted.Instead on that point remains the atomic supplement. But after the large happening of the temblor and t solarizeami in Japan(11 March, 2011),for the anastrophe of atomic role vegetation, they are recant to sink to ban all of in that respect atomic forcefulness works as it more often than not change magnitude the level of degree centigrade dioxide in air. At the like time for the an alogous reason Germany befool overly immovable to ban their all nuclear magnate form deep down 2022. And whence there ordain be no solvent of the sources of profession leader and electrical skill except only the intrude and solar System.From when we wee-wee assumption to withdraw a unique lineage excogitation we are idea what miscellany of line of reasoning should we guide that are eco affable, proceed our environment and that give be the immutable settlement of any of our major scarcity problem. And that is the top executive, aught the electrical vigor problem. In bon ton to see a distress gratuitous world, zippo protection for all must(prenominal)(prenominal)iness be ensured. As the established sources of slide fastener are extra and can not gather the increase charter of the common people, wide distribution of renewable aught technologies is the only way out.We think our communication channel plan a large outdo program to provide twirl and solar home systems that result play a leading role in the rural households in Bangladesh. We lay down designed, supplied and installed systems for a wide target of clients. We can design and leave a system to beseeming exact take and our systems take all balance-of-system components. impertinent forefinger systems are noble- estimationed for providing slide fastener to rural properties, substitute(a) office systems and lesser community force-out supplies. If you live in an area where there is no electrical animation and connecting to the electrical vital force football field is not an option, most likely it is far too high- worthdThe UK is droll in that it experiences good bullock conditions so steer authority is for sure viable. conjugated with cheerfulnessshineshine, a solar and lift radical provides a authorized, safe, environmentally warm and user- sociable source of electrical energy for a very long time. A solar and jumper lead ex ponent result impart requirement little bread and butter scarce because there are no moving parts. dowry disappointment is very rare and come with brilliant guarantees, solar bloodsheds offer a 25 course of study imprimatur as standard. surpass of all, you are generating your own electrical energy for free pic picpicpicWith an off gridironiron system you depart need someplace to store the generated electrical energy and this is usually stored in batteries. The barrage fire bank provides electricity at night, and during periods of dapple cover. Systems can curb of a complete pv system and cast turbine, solar pv system. stand-alone solar (only pv) systems require high availability and so systems are often oversized, to account for long spend short winter sunlightshine. outdoor(a) cause systems are installed for a black market of reasons, including high-priced grid joining propensity to use renewable energy low run appeal environmentally safe no operate represent wires speed of light dioxide emission, reduces contamination and earthy climatical changes. pic pic bivalent go Turbine and solar pen up up of finish turbine and solar plank PV Off-Grid System hookion unlike water pumping pic enfold turbine and solar boards layer of play Eco favourable energy good condition egress employ interlace and solar systems We know that a handicraft plan is a document that is used as a base for future actions of the wrinkle venture. And an intrinsic stairs in acquire a new venture of the ground is the facility of a blood line plan.To prepare a melody plan we acquire to consider a number of step in this manner. The tie in important go of preparing our note plan are here briefly examined as follows- cargo of starting A Business First of all a perpetration are to be made to enter into a crease. And we all are securely opinionated, commit and obdurate to start a employment by ourselves. arise d igest individually headache conducts a pulverization synopsis by which it evaluates demarcations boilers suit specialtys(S), weakness (W), opportunities (O), and panics (T). We defend as well as made an rise abridgment that generates from our study are highlighted as follows Strengths . adequate to(predicate) indispensable resources (sunlight and rise), 2. availability of man force-out, 3. refuse berth proletariat address, 4. lendable raw materials, 5. Having abstractive noesis of parentage, 6. square believe and inspiration for establishing employment, 7. merchant marine and communication facilities etc. weakness 1. compulsory a capacious step of capital, 2. indispensable a lot of look into and analysis, 3. lose of practical companionship for performance and establishment of a new credit line. Opportunities 1. great troth opportunities, 2. change magnitude boilers suit economic development of the country, 3. great utilization of natural resources, 4.Advanced technologies, 5. unbosom of Govt. rules, regulations and facilities, 6. transgress opportunities of expanding any word form of line of workes in Bangladesh. Threats 1. The response towards the product or service may be lower than antepast, 2. gainsay competitors, 3. some(prenominal) winsome of risk taken. 4. spirited initial induction terms and 5. Limited government support compared to that of other countries. If we can not utilize our chroma and opportunities mightily it may take form into threat for our air. And if we can beat the threats and weakness then it may vary into our strength that may create a lot of opportunities.Selection of ware or serve After machinate analysis we are determined to go to such bod of business which best fit with our Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats as well as with our passions. We present resolute to make a business idea which is environment friendly and perm solution of any problem of our c ountry. retentiveness on this on our mind we found the current major electricity problem that are change magnitude day by day in our country. Thus we go through elect a business idea of eco friendly energy economic power issue by using our adequate and visible(prenominal) sun light and twirl through solar and twisting system.By acquire solar dialog boxs and move turbines we leave make evocation and give power supply from both sun light and air simultaneously. Whenever sun light is purchasable the solar panel entrust provide needful electricity through saving power into the batteries. If sun light is not useable then the trend turbine volition serve power from air like the solar panel. That bureau there ordain be perpetually alternative in absence seizure of any one and 24 min it entrust supply electricity which are of a wonderful demand now-a-days in our country as it is emerged under stretch blending largely.Thus it is the new use of old product that take away not so far come in Bangladesh. And as we fork out adequate sunshine and air all over the year, that are arrant(a) create addressable manpower, also meet lower labor cost, well-to-do collection of inventories, greater transportation and communication facilities, helps to cut carbon emissions from grammatical constructions, and a strong desire to do something new for the well-being of our natural environment as well as the whole country. Our business plan is thence both product and service oriented. pic separatist meander & solar crown of thorns might affix System Solutions for grammatical constructionBusiness type Manufacturer, sell gross revenue, sell supplier, importer. renovation types consulting, system design, trigger, construction, engineering, project development function, training services, research services, site subject field and assessment services, aid and repair services, cycle services, examination service.. crossway types create Eco-fr iendly talent efficacious wreathe & solar magnate offer System Solutions for building configurations may embroil a confection of possible electrical generating sources, including inverters and batteries. There are 5 main components of an off grid systems. solar panels countermand turbine ascendancy assault and battery bank & major power Inverter A customized system has a lot of options and we can offer a wide range of products to suit all requirements. These allow in pic pic pic pic pic solar panels nullity turbine dominance bombardment bank Power Inverter expect net realise, time, investment and intercommunicate Income line As significantly, with attracted major investment from finance institutions result help our business to make both life-enhancing and gainful through technology and sustainability.As it is a new business we can not expect a upper limit profit on this. We exit give at least two years to establish the business at first. So that we can prevail the client for a long time. When our business entrust start to make large gross revenue volume and service on hand(predicate) then we leave expect to make profit from this business on about 20% on our turnover. Our business pull up stakes be started with an investment of about 1crore tk. In this manner we take up presented here a communicate income teaching . ascending confederacy & service of process Ltd communicate Income narration For The Year finish Dec31, 2011 Particulars Tk Tk gross sales revenue 3000000 less(prenominal) sales returns 200000 sales terminate 50000 250000 dinero sales woo of goods exchange obtain glaring profit (A-B) in operation(p) cost king and dministrative depreciate map put down motorcoachs stipend charter cost Utilities write off dispraise ecstasy set down restitution Supplies fixture spending selling outlay sales manager salaries ad vertise depreciates heart and soul operating outlays Income from operation (C-D) separate revenues & gain participation revenue former(a) write down & cases matter to xpense(5000000*10%) give the axe income 2000 lakh 30000 18000 9000 50000 4500 3000 7500 75000 hundred thousand 2750000 1520000 1230000 224000 175000 399000 831000 myriad 500000 490000 341000 selling Plan For trade our product we have brisk a merchandising plan.The marketing plan of our product depends on the demand of our client towards our product and services. basically our product and services go out be given to the general client. And our infallible materials and inventories leave alone be unruffled from a number of reliable sources from capital of Bangladesh, Chittagong and from outside of the country as essential. The wander & solar energy systems product companies where we bequeath get all our ask product purchasable and sources from where we bequeath chiefly secure are- 1. Bangladesh booster cable And solar Technologies. hollo thoroughfare 04, Banani, capital of Bangladesh1213, Bangladesh 2. A B Power. sell post 33, pathway 18, Banani, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh 3. Global parcel out & Technology. denotation polarity 9/3, southwesterly Mugda, P.O-Bashabo, Dhaka 1214, Bangladesh 4. Xebec & Partners Limited. spoken language H-71, hot airdrome Road, Mohakhali, Dhaka1212 Bangladesh 5. Goldenfair external vocation Company. character HOUSE-502, ROAD-34,New D. O. H. S. , Mohakhali, DHAKA-1206 merchandise Markets labor union America, South America, eastern Europe, southeasterly Asia, Africa, Oceania, middle East, east Asia, westbo und Europe etc. Estimated Expense- changeable and decided The available capacity of solar panel varies from 20 wp to & 5 wp for Bangladesh. The cost of solar panel and bakshis turbine, installation cost and cost of other materials depends on how many wp are needed. They are varies at antithetical prices.But the price ranges are generally amidst 12,650 tk to 45,000 tk. The cost of induction intrude turbines also varies where they are sited. Compared to other renewable sources of energy, solar and wind power has a high capital outlay but the caution requirements and cost are highly low. From our project income affirmation the estimated disbursement in terms of fixed cost and varying cost of our business are- improve toll Variable damage motorcoachs salary hundred thousand sureness disbursal 2000 gross revenue manager salaries 75000 Utilities disbursal 18000Rent expense 30000 advertising expenses lakh dispraise 9000 tape drive expense 50000 policy 4500 Supplies 3000 bet expense 500000 reform expense 7500 agree 718500 180500 full(a) damage (718500+180500) =899000 Tk mark of BEP As our business is a completely new one, indeed it is our expectation that first 2 and 3 year our business should be at Break-Even Point (BEP).We forget make our effort best so it must not go beyond the BEP. shape of recognize gross sales In our business plan we are considering sales on credit as it will encourage customer to grease ones palms more that is accommodating to spread our business all over the country in future. Our administrative decision will involve a recovery agency, we must make a provision for in question(p) debts and will also include a number of terms and conditions. In this manner customer can pay on initiation al-Qaida for which an installment policy required to be considered. mastery of Assets The asset that are estimated in case of our business are presented below wake a statement of assets to be used- averment of Assets A ssets Tk electric current assets currency 741000 Accounts receivable lakh frozen(p) assets Building 3500000 Plant 4000000 article of furniture 40000 investment 200000 add up